1. Pregnancy diagnosis in cattle
Presented by
KHALID MOHAMMED KARAM

2. Hi-Hi ... I am
not pregnant eg

3. Importance
1-Economical importance
2-Early combating of
infertility.

4. Methods 2- Clinical methods: b) Ultrasonography
1- Behavioural assessment.
2- Clinical methods:
a) Rectal examination
b) Ultrasonography
3- Laboratory-based methods
4- Other pregnancy detection methods

5. 1-Behavioural assessment
Absence of the subsequent estrus days post-breeding is a good indication of conception .

6. 2-Clinical
Method
A) Rectal
examination
B)Ultraso-
nography

7. A- Rectal Examination

8. 1- Rectal examination (RE) is an old, simple, inexpensive, quick and usually confirmatory method of pregnancy diagnosis.

9. 2-The cervix by its characteristic firm consistency is taken as a guide during RE.

10. Findings of
pregnancy by RE
1-General
Findings
2-Definitive

11. I-General Findings
1-Asymmetry
2-Fluctuation
3-Thin wall of
the uterus

12. Fig.23a:Asymmetry (left uterus) as one of
the general signs of pregnancy.

13. II-Definitive (+ve) Findings
Amniotic vesicle
Chorioallantois(F.mn.)
Placentomes
Fetus

14. 1) Palpation of the amniotic vesicle as a spherical structure at the free end of the pregnant horn between day 35 to 55.

15. Fig.23b:Amniotic vesicle as one of the definitive signs of pregnancy

16. 2-Palpation of the chorioallantois using the foetal membrane slip technique (FMS) from day 45 to 90.

17. Fig.24c:Palpation of the chorioallantois using foetal mn. slip
as one of the definitive signs of pregnancy

18. 3-Palpation of placentomes
from day 90 and onwards.

20. Car.
Cot.

21. Fig.24d:Palpation of
placentomes
as one of the
definitive signs
of pregnancy

22. 4-Palpation of the foetus from day 60 and onwards.

23. Fig.25e:Palpation of
the foetus
as one of the
definitive signs
of pregnancy

24. Size of the foeti at early gestation
d55
d70
d80

25. Fig.25f:Size of foeti at different ages. 2m. 3m. 5m. 4m. 6m.
(mice size)
3m.
5m.
(Small rat size)
4m.
6m.
(Cat size)
(Dog size)
(Big rat size)

26. Size of the uterus at different periods of gestation. 3m. 1.5 m. 4m.
(b)
(a)
(c)
(d)
3m.
1.5 m.
Size of the uterus
at different periods
of gestation.
4m.
5m.

28. Stages of pregnancy

29. Asymmetry of uterine horns. Thin wall. Fluctuation.
45 day preg.
Asymmetry of uterine horns.
Thin wall.
Fluctuation.
Foetal membrane slip
Amniotic vesicle

30. 2-3m. preg.
-Increase the size of pregnant horn and asymmetry (8-13cm.in diameter).
-The small foetus (mouse-size) can be felt .

31. 3-4m. Preg.
1-It is called the ballooning stage (13-18 cm in diameter).
2-The uterus extends more to the abdomen.
3-The placentomes are easily palpated (1-2 cm in diameter).
4-The foetus increases in size to a rat sized.

32. 4-5m. Preg.
1-The uterus sinks below the pelvic brim (18-23cm in diameter).
2-The placentomes are more prominent (2.5-4 cm in diameter).
3-Hypertrophy of the middle uterine arteries (thrilling or fremitus). Their diameter increases from 3-4 mm in the non-pregnant cows to about 12mm.

34. 5-7m. Preg. (Sinking stage)
1-The gravid uterus sinks in the
abdomen and usually out of reach.
2-The cervix is stretched across the
pelvis and bent over the brim.
3-The thrilling of the middle uterine
arteries is more obvious (the diameter
reaches 15 mm).
4-Placentomes at the periphery towards
the cervix can be palpated.

36. 8m. to calving
1-The foetus is large enough to
extend back within the range of
the hand.
2-Foetal parts, such as head and
limbs, in addition to foetal
movements, are felt.

38. B-Ultrasonography

39. Fig.26:Ultrasonographic scanner
(b)
Fig Linear array ultrasound and thermal printer (a); transrectal and
transabdominal transducers (b).
Fig.26:Ultrasonographic scanner
Monitor
Printer
Trans-rectal
transducer
Trans-abdominal
transducer

40. Transducers 3.5-5-7.5 (MHz) Sheep-Goat Pets Trans-abdominal
Trans-rectal
( MHz)
Cow-Buff.
Mare-Camel
Trans-abdominal
(5 MHz)
Sheep-Goat
Pets

41. Image by ultrasound -Tissues Varying shades of grey
-Bone and gas reflect sound
White
-Fluid transmitt sound
Black
-Tissues Varying shades of grey

42. Fig.27: Scanning the cow at day 37 of pregnancy.

43. Fig.28: Scanning the cow at day 59 of pregnancy.

44. Fig.29: Scanning the cow at day 60 of pregnancy.

45. Fig.30: Scanning the cow at day 105 of pregnancy.