1. DO NOW THURSDAY
Do you think you and/or your family do anything to affect the Earth’s weather and climate? Explain.

2. TODAY’S PLAN TODAY’S DO
To explain factors that affect the Earth’s weather and climate.
TODAY’S DO
We will discuss things that affect the Earth’s weather and climate and watch some short videos during the discussion.

3. Weather & Climate

4. Weather by Brainpop 1) What cycle is the basis of our weather?
2) What causes precipitation to occur?
3) Where do storms usually occur?

5. Weather
Temporary behavior of atmosphere (what’s going on at any certain time)
Small geographic area
Can change rapidly

6. Weather --The study of weather is meteorology
--Someone who studies weather is called a meteorologist

7. Climate Long-term behavior of atmosphere (100+ years)
Large geographic area
Very slow to change

8. Climatology
The study of Earth’s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climatic changes

9. Normals Standard values for a location
Average values over a long period of time

10. Climate Types by Brainpop
.What is climate?
.Where are tropical climates most likely to be?
.What does “arid” mean?

11. What Factors Affect Weather & Climate?
The Sun
The Water Cycle
The Atmosphere
The Ocean
Ice
Landforms (Topography)
Latitude and Altitude
Living Things

12. How Does the Sun Affect Weather and Climate?
It warms the atmosphere & oceans (causing wind, ocean currents, temperature changes, etc.)
It creates climate zones
(ie. Tropics, temperate, polar)
It keeps the water cycle going
It affects weather patterns

13. The Water Cycle
All the water on the planet is recycled in this manner!

14. Parts of the Cycle
Evaporation—Water going from a liquid to a gas (gains energy from the sun)

15. Parts of the Cycle
Transpiration—evaporation of water from/out of plants. Locate this on the diagram!
transpiration

16. Parts of the Cycle
Condensation—Water going from a gas to a liquid (cools or loses energy)
When this happens in the atmosphere, CLOUDS form.

17. Clouds by Brainpop

18. Parts of the Cycle
Precipitation—when water falls out of the atmosphere. Forms when the water droplets in clouds become too heavy to stay up.

19. Frozen water = snow or sleet or hail
Precipitation
Liquid water = rain
Frozen water = snow or sleet or hail
Rain Clip

20. The Water Cycle Water Cycle by Brainpop
Water Cycle Advanced by Brainpop

21. The Water Cycle by Brainpop
What process must happen for clouds to form?
What is “collection”?
Name one way to conserve water.

22. How does the atmosphere affect weather?
The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth
Has five different layers; each has different properties
We’ll label them in just a minute…
Air Temperature and Pressure change with altitude (lower temperature and less pressure as altitude increases)
Weather occurs in the layer closest to Earth (troposphere)

23. Write in the labels! Exosphere Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere
Ozone layer
Stratosphere
Troposphere

24. DO NOW FRIDAY Explain the difference between weather and climate.
What is one way the Sun affects weather and climate?

25. TODAY’S PLAN TODAY’S DO
To explain factors that affect the Earth’s weather and climate.
TODAY’S DO
We will discuss things that affect the Earth’s weather and climate and watch some short videos during the discussion.
We will practice reading a weather map.

26. Atmosphere: Air Masses
= body of air with a certain temperature and moisture level
Can be warm or cold
Can contain a lot of moisture or not a lot of moisture

27. Fronts = places where air masses meet
4 Types: Warm, Cold, Occluded, Stationary
Each kind can bring different kinds of weather

28. Thunderstorms ahead of this front: then weather will become cold
Severe weather:
Then weather will become
warm and humid
Occluded Front:
Stationary Front:
Less severe weather
Rain, snow, or fog for several days

30. FRONTS
Complete the “Reading a Weather Map” Worksheet.

31. How does Air Pressure affect weather?
How much the earth’s atmosphere is pressing down on us
Measured with a BAROMETER
If it CHANGES, then new weather is on the way:
Falling Air Pressure (Low pressure)= associated with warm air rising; stormy weather coming
Rising Air Pressure (High pressure) = associated with cold air sinking; fair weather coming
Steady Air Pressure = no change is coming

32. Winds created from differences in air pressure
Moves from areas of HIGH to LOW pressure
Greater the difference in pressure, the FASTER the wind blows
Measured with wind vanes and anemometers or you can estimate with the Beaufort Wind Scale

33. Global Winds
Thousands of kilometers long; can cause weather to move in different directions
Examples: Jet stream, prevailing westerlies, doldrums, horse latitudes, trade winds

34. Global Winds Caused by the temperature difference in different regions
Hot Tropical Regions—causes air to rise
Cold polar Regions—causes air to sink

35. Global Winds Also affected by Earth’s Spin
Coriolis Effect = causes winds to curve to the right in the N. Hemisphere; to the left in the S. Hemisphere

37. Winds by Brainpop . What does warm air do?
. What do you call winds that blow all the time in the same part of the world?
. What are jet streams?

38. How does the Ocean affect weather?
Ocean currents affect the temperature of the land they pass by
Cold ocean currents = cooling effect
Warm ocean currents = warming effect
Temperature changes affect pressure – which then creates WINDS
Winds blow this cooling or warming effect over the land
Ocean currents distribute heat from the equator to the poles.

40. Science Saurus Sections 203-204-205-206

41. How Does Ice (the Cryosphere) Affect Weather and Climate?
Ice in the arctic is white and so it reflects almost all of the sunlight that hits it. This reflection of the sun is what keeps the artic regions cold because the sun’s rays never reach the surface to heat it.
In other words, ice (the cryosphere) keeps the Earth from getting too warm.
Changes in snow and ice cover affect air and surface temperatures: less ice= warmer air and surface

42. How Does Ice (the Cryosphere) Affect Weather and Climate?
Hands-On Activity

43. How Does Topography Affect Weather and Climate?
Mountain also affect climate of an area.
Since the mountains act as a barrier to air movements and moisture (such as rain clouds), one side of the mountain may be desert-like, while the other receives lots of rain and is lush with vegetation.

44. How Does Topography Affect Weather and Climate?
Coastal Regions, areas near water, are warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer
This is because seasonal changes affect oceans more slowly than land.
Therefore, oceans heat up more slowly in the summer and produce cooler temperatures. Likewise, oceans cool down more slowly in the winter and produce warmer temperatures.

45. How Does Latitude Affect Climate?
Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
Tropic of Cancer
Arctic Circle
Antarctic Circle
66.5° N
23.5° N
23.5° S
66.5° S 0°

46. Polar
Temperate
Tropics
Tropics
Temperate
Polar

47. Climate Zones Tropics (warmest because most direct sun rays hit here)
Most solar radiation, generally warm
Between Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer
Temperate (warm summers and cold winters)
Between 23.5 and 66.5 North and South
Mild temperatures
Polar (coldest because receives least direct sun rays)
66.5 North and South to the Poles
Cold Temperatures

48. How Do Living Things Affect Weather and Climate?
Trees and other plants can actually help keep climates cooler by providing shade and using carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere.
Since carbon dioxide gas is a greenhouse gas that traps heat near the surface of the Earth, when trees, algae, and other plants remove it from our atmosphere, they are helping to keep our planet cooler.

49. How Do Living Things Affect Weather and Climate?
Farm animals, microbes, and humans produce lots of methane and carbon dioxide, both of which are greenhouse gases.
Thus, many living things, mainly humans, are causing climates across the globe to grow warmer.

50. Climate Change

51. Long-Term Climatic Change
Climates change over extremely long periods of time
Ice Ages – Periods of extensive glacial coverage
Most recent ended
10,000 years ago
Temps dropped 5°C

52. Short-Term Climatic Change
Caused by regular variations in daylight, temp, and weather patterns
Examples:
Seasons
El Nino (Warm ocean current)