1. 17.4 The Reformation Continues
World History B
Mr. Hurley

2. John Calvin Law Student in France during reform in Switzerland
1536 Published Institutes of the Christian Religion
Summary of religious beliefs expressing ideas about God, salvation, and human nature
Men and women are sinful by nature
Predestionation

3. Calvinist Reformation in Switzerland
Calvin believed ideal government was a theocracy
In 1541, Protestants in Geneva, Switzerland asked Calvin to lead their city
Authorities would imprison, excommunicate, or banish those who broke new strict rules
NO BRIGHT CLOTHING! NO CARD GAMES! EVERYONE ATTENDS RELIGION CLASS!
If anyone preached different religious doctrines they were burned at the stake
To many Protestants, Geneva was model city for highly moral protestants

4. The Spread of Calvinism
A visiting Scottish preacher, John Knox saw Geneva, and took Calvinism back to Scotland
Created communities led by laymen called Presbyterians
Knox’ followers became Presbyterians
Calvinism became official religion of Scotland
Swiss, Dutch, and French reformers adopted Calvinism
Many Churches today trace heritage back to Calvin
French “Huguenots would clash with Catholics
August 24th, 1572 Catholic mobs hunted for Protestants and murdered them. Massacres spread to other cities and lasted 6 months.

5. Anabaptist
Different Christian groups would form off of different interpretations of the Bible
Anabaptists would baptize only those old enough who could decide to be baptized
Most Christians Baptize in infancy
Anabaptist means baptize again
Catholics and Protestants viewed them as radicals who threatened society and persecuted them

6. St. Ignatius of Loyola
Turning point in his life when he was injured in war
During recovery reflected on his life and sins
Believed his daily devotions cleansed his soul
Wrote Spiritual Exercises
Laid out day-by-day plan of meditation, prayer, and study

7. Society of Jesus
The pope created a religious order for Ignatius’s followers called the Society of Jesus
Members were called Jesuits
Jesuits focused on
Education
Converting Christians to Catholicism
Stop the spread of Protestantism

8. Reforming Popes Pope Paul III 1534-1549 took 4 important steps
Directed council of cardinals to investigate indulgences
Approved Jesuit order
Used the Inquisition to seek out heresy in papal territory
Called council leaders to meet in Trent
In 1959, Pope Paul IV had officials draw up a list of books considered dangerous to the Catholic faith
Index of Forbidden Books
Catholic bishops had to round up the books and burn them
10,000 books burned in one day in venice

9. Council of Trent
At the Council of Trent, Catholic bishops and cardinals agreed to these doctrines:
The Church’s Interpretation of the Bible was final
Christians needed faith and good work for salvation
The bible and Church tradition were equal for guiding life
Indulgences were an expression of faith, but false selling of indulgences was banned

10. Reformation Legacies Religious and Social Effects Political Effects
Protestant Churches flourished and developed new denominations
Roman Catholic church became more unified
Both Catholics and Protestants became more concerned with the roll of education
Political Effects
Church’s moral and political authority declined, monarchs and states gained power
Led to development of modern nation-states
Laid the groundwork for the Enlightenment