1. FISH
FISH

2. Agnatha = Jawless fish
Lampreys
Hagfish

3. Chondrichthyes= Cartilage fish
Sharks
Rays
Skates

4. Taxonomy Osteichthyes = bony fish
soft rayed
spiney rayed

5. BIOLOGY

6. Fins
supported by rays
two types of rays
soft
spines

7. Fin Identification unpaired fins paired fins dorsal caudal anal
pectoral
pelvic

8. Skin epidermis dermis hypodermis mucous glands alarm cells cuticle
scales
hypodermis

9. Scales
placoid
ganoid
cycloid
ctenoid
absent

10. Lateral line sensory system a line of pores lead to mechanoreceptors
environmental information
pressure, currents, sound

11. Color cells control chromatophores iridophores endocrine system
pigments
iridophores
reflective substances
control
endocrine system
nervous system

12. Anatomy overview

13. Respiratory system
lungs
gills
bilateral
operculum

14. Gill structure gill arches primary lamellae (filaments)
secondary lamellae

15. Cardiovascular system
2 chamber heart
atrium
ventricle
sinus venosus
bulbus arteriosus

16. Circulation venous blood to heart heart to gills gills to body
hepatic portal system
renal portal system
heart to gills
via ventral aorta
gills to body
via dorsal aorta

17. Red blood cells elliptical and nucleated no bone marrow main source
head kidney

18. White blood cells Similar to mammalian no lymph nodes or GALT
lymphocytes > neutrophils
lymphoid tissues
thymus
head kidney
spleen
melanomacrophage centers

19. Excretory system
gills
kidneys
anterior kidney
posterior kidney

20. Osmoregulation
electrolyte balance
freshwater vs saltwater

21. Osmoregulation freshwater fish saltwater fish water diffuses in
ions diffuse out
drink little
lots of dilute urine
actively reabsorb ions
kidneys
gills
saltwater fish
water diffuses out
ions diffuse in
drink a lot
concentrated urine
actively excrete ions
kidneys
gills
gut

22. Swim bladder Two types functions physoclistic physostomatous buoyancy
capillary network
physostomatous
pneumatic duct
functions
buoyancy
sound, pressure detection

23. Digestive system Stomach intestine liver pancreas pyloric middle
rectal
spiral colon
pyloric cecae
liver
pancreas

24. Nutrition Species variation general fish nutrition food
feeding behavior
time
location
obtaining food
general fish nutrition
protein and lipids > carbohydrates

25. Neuroendocrine system
brain
forebrain
olfactory bulbs
midbrain
optic lobes
cerebellum
spinal cord

26. Electrical system electric organs electroreceptors examples
electric eel
electric catfish
electric ray

27. Biolumination
self -luminous
photophores
luciferase
symbiotic bacteria