1. Last week, we talked about the negative conditions of city life and some possible solutions to those conditions (settlement houses, nativism, temperance)
Today, we will discuss discrimination and segregation in cities

2. Tenements

3. Settlement Houses

5. Department Store, Mail Order Catalog

6. Marshall Fields

7. Nurses and Typists

8. Fashion and Dating

9. What does discrimination mean
What does discrimination mean? What are examples of discriminatory actions?

10. Discrimination in the U.S.
Section 9.3
10/18/10

11. How were African-Americans kept from voting?
Poll tax: fee that was paid in order to vote
Literacy tests: had to pass a reading/writing test in order to vote

12. Poll Tax Receipts

13. However, literacy tests and poll taxes kept poor whites from voting as well, so…
Grandfather clause: exempted one from voting restrictions if their grandfather had voted before 1865
Why is this significant?

14. Grandfather Clause

15. Segregation This is the separation of people by race
De facto segregation: segregation by law
De jure segregation: segregation by custom
Jim Crow laws: laws that forced separation of blacks and whites in public
More strict in South; applied to most public places

16. Jim Crow

19. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): created the separate-but-equal doctrine
The case started when a man (who was 1/8 black) sat in the white section of a train
Segregation was legal if the separate facilities for blacks and whites were of equal quality
In reality, black facilities were usually poor quality

20. Separate but equal

21. Violence was widespread against African-Americans
African-Americans were expected to follow ‘racial etiquette’ (do what whites said)
Violence was widespread against African-Americans
Lynching: murder by a mob without a lawful trial
Lynching victims were usually successful businessmen or those who did not follow etiquette

22. Springfield, IL Race Riots

23. Resisting Discrimination
NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Goal: fight discrimination, gain equal rights for African-Americans

24. NAACP

25. Homer Plessy