1. Chapter 09
Cultural Diversity

2. 9:1 Culture, Ethnicity, and Race
Health care workers work with and care for many different people
Respect individuality
Be aware of factors that make each person unique
Influence of cultural/ethnic heritage

3. 9:1 Culture, Ethnicity, and Race
Values, beliefs, attitudes, language, symbols, rituals, behaviors, and customs unique to a particular group of people
Passed from one generation to next
Often defined set of rules
Foundation of behavior, but variances

4. 9:1 Culture, Ethnicity, and Race
Culture is
Learned
Shared
Social in nature
Dynamic and constantly changing

5. 9:1 Culture, Ethnicity, and Race
Classification of people based on national origin and/or culture
Share common heritage, geographic location, national origin, social customs, language, beliefs
Subgroups within larger ethnic groups

6. 9:1 Culture, Ethnicity, and Race
Ethnic groups include
African American
Asian/Pacific Islander
European American
Hispanic American
Middle Eastern/Arabic American
Native American

7. 9:1 Culture, Ethnicity, and Race
Race is based on physical or biological factors
Color of skin, hair, and eyes
Facial features
Blood type
Bone structure
Race cuts across multiple ethnic/cultural groups

8. 9:1 Culture, Ethnicity, and Race
Differences among people resulting from cultural, ethnic, and racial factors are called cultural diversity
Influence a person’s behavior
Differences exist within ethnic/cultural groups
United States is striving to be a “salad bowl”

9. 9:1 Culture, Ethnicity, and Race
Cultural assimilation
Newly arrived group adopts ways of new culture
Acculturation
Process of learning the beliefs and behaviors of a dominant culture and assuming some of its characteristics
Sensitivity

10. 9:2 Bias, Prejudice, and Stereotyping
Economics
Preference that inhibits impartial judgment
Physical size
Occupation
Ethnocentricity
Sexual preference
Age
Gender
Education

11. 9:2 Bias, Prejudice, and Stereotyping
Strong feeling or belief about a person or subject without reviewing facts or information; often based on fear
Stereotyping
Making the assumption that everyone in a group is the same

12. 9:2 Bias, Prejudice, and Stereotyping
Create barriers to effective relationships
Health care workers need to avoid acting on feelings and assumptions
Consider ways to avoid bias, prejudice, and stereotyping

13. 9:3 Understanding Cultural Diversity
Cultural and ethnic beliefs will affect behavior
Health care workers need to be aware of these beliefs to meet the physical, social, emotional, and mental needs of individuals
Holistic care
Well-being of the whole person

14. Family Organization Nuclear Extended Patriarchal versus matriarchal
Recognition and acceptance of family organization is essential in all aspects of the health care field

15. Language English is dominant U.S. language
Many other languages spoken in United States
Determine any language needs
Find an interpreter if necessary
Medical permission form must usually be printed in a patient’s language

16. Personal Space and Touch
Personal space or territorial space
Distance people require for comfortable interaction
Different cultural norms
Close contact
Distant contact

17. Time Orientation
The manner in which an individual responds to the past, present, or future passage of time
Past-oriented
Present-oriented
Future-oriented
Capped “T” in “The”

18. Eye Contact Affected by cultural beliefs
May indicate interest, trustworthiness
May also be considered rude, hostile, or threatening
Be aware of a patient’s comfort level

19. Gestures Used to communicate Gestures differ by culture
Nodding the head for yes and no
Pointing
Be aware of a patient’s response to gestures

20. Health Care Beliefs Western biomedical system
Beliefs affect responses to health care and understanding of illness/treatment
Refer to Table 9-1 in text for common beliefs
Alternative health care
Set “text” lowercase

21. Health Care Beliefs Alternative health care methods Nutritional
Mind and body control
Energetic touch therapy
Body-movement methods
Spiritual methods

22. Spirituality and Religion
Beliefs about self, connections with others, relationship with higher power
Need to find meaning in life
Religion
Organized system of belief
Refer to Table 9-2 in text

23. Spirituality and Religion
Monotheists
Polytheists
Atheists
Agnostics

24. 9:4 Respecting Cultural Diversity
Regard each individual as unique
Everyone adopts beliefs and forms a pattern of behavior based on culture, ethnicity, race, life experiences, spirituality, and religion
Health care workers must learn to respect differences among individuals