1. STF 472 – Interviews and TS Earthquake
Egil Bovim

2. Interviews so far 17 Most of them with two interviewers
Spain, Germany, UK, Italy, Latvia, Norway
UN: WFP (Rome)
Unsuccesful attempts: France, Turkey, Greece
Planned: One in Italy

3. Challenges (in interviews)
Finding the right institution
Reaching the right intervewees
Trust
Lack of knowledge about new technology and its operational impact.

4. Interviewees Administrators/ policy makers Technologists
Users at various level
Organisations:
Civil Protection
Military
Emergency services
NGOs

5. Findings Voice is (still) the norm
International organisations ahead of nationals in terms of (next generation) technologies
Implementation of PMR depending on finances
Usage of satellite communicatin depending on costs
(Next to) no figures available for telecoms usage/ needs

6. TS

7. Earthquake scenario- CFEEC
Temporary telecoms links
Existing telecoms links
National/
regional/ local Authority
Coord. FEC
Hazard Zone
Incident sector
The police will stay in the incident sector.
Op: Operationals
FCC: Field Coordination Centre
ECC: Emergency Coordination Centre
Hazard Zone: The area which is defined as dangerous. Ceases to exist as H.Z. once it has been cleared of dangers.

8. regional/ local Authority
Earthquake Scenario – Damage control/ Search and Rescue (Fire and Rescue department)
Temporary telecoms links
Existing telecoms links
National/
regional/ local Authority
F&R ECC
F&R FCC
SAR/FF
Fcoord
Dec. unit
Hazard Zone
Op.
Incident sector
The main activities of Fire and Rescue
are carried out insiden the Hazard
zone

9. regional/ local Authority
Earthquake Scenario – Health
Temporary telecoms links
Existing telecoms links
National/
regional/ local Authority
Hospital
Medical ECC
Em.t.
Hazard Zone
Incident sector
The emergency teams within the incident sector will communicate with
hospital(s) on patient matters, and with Medical ECC on matters of resources etc.
Em.t.: Emergency team

10. regional/ local Authority
Earthquake Scenario – Public Order (Police)
Temporary telecoms links
Existing telecoms links
National/
regional/ local Authority
Police ECC
Police FCC Op
Hazard Zone
Incident sector
The police will stay in the incident sector.
Op: Operationals
FCC: Field Coordination Centre
ECC: Emergency Coordination Centre
Hazard Zone: The area which is defined as dangerous. Ceases to exist as H.Z. once it has been cleared of dangers.

11. regional/ local Authority
Earthquake Scenario – Repair of Infrastructure/ Utilities (Service Providers)
Temporary telecoms links
Existing telecoms links
National/
regional/ local Authority
Water/Power
Eng.t
Hazard Zone
Em.t.
Roads dep.
Railways
Em.t.
Incident sector
Water, food and shelter are normally
Supplied by the same entities, but power
supply is the responsibilty of companies/ entities which
normally have separate communication systems etc. They stay outside the Hazard Zone.
Sup. p: Supply point
Eng.t: Engineering team

12. regional/ local Authority
Earthquake Scenario – Emergency Supplies/ Temporary Shelters/ Sanitation
(Municipal Authorities)
Temporary telecoms links
Existing telecoms links
National/
regional/ local Authority
Supplies/
shelter
Municipal
Supplies/
Shelter unit
Sup.p
Hazard Zone
Sanitation
unit
Em.t.
Incident sector
Municipal
Sanitation
Water, food and shelter are normally
Supplied by the same entities, but power
supply is the responsibilty of companies/ entities which
normally have separate communication systems etc. They stay outside the Hazard Zone.
Sup. p: Supply point
Eng.t: Engineering team

13. regional/ local Authority
Earthquake Scenario – Defence forces
Temporary telecoms links
Existing telecoms links
National/
regional/ local Authority
The role of the defence forces will vary between countries and incidents. The roles may be within supplie,s
SAR and others.
Depending on the roles they may work both in the incident sector and the Hazard Zone.
F.C.: Field Command
Em.t
Hazard Zone
Em.t.
F.C.
Incident sector
Defence

14. regional/ local Authority
Earthquake Scenario – NGOs
Temporary telecoms links
Existing telecoms links
National/
regional/ local Authority
The number of NGOs participating, and their roles, will vary widely between incidents.
Their organisation will also vary, what is shown here is a generic model which may in real incident be
representative for their organisation and needs of telecommunications means.
Depending on capacities (medical care/ SAR dogs) they will work inside or outside the Hazard Zone
Hazard Zone
Em.t.
Em.t.
Incident sector
NGO(s)

15. regional/ local Authority
Earthquake Scenario – The Overall Picture
Temporary telecoms links
Existing telecoms links
National/
regional/ local Authority
Police ECC
F&R ECC
Municipal
Providers
Hospital
Medical ECC
Police FFC
F&R FCC
Em.t.
Supplies/
Shelter unit
Water/Power
Coord. FECC
Em.t Op
SAR/FF
Fcoord
Dec. unit
Hazard Zone
Em.t.
Op.
Em.t.
Roads dep.
Em.t.
Railways
Em.t.
Em.t.
F.C.
Sanitation
unit
Incident sector
Municipal
Defence
NGO(s)

16. Earthquake scenario – telecomms needs
Everybody needs telecoms to everybody
Scalability is a reality
Issue:
Make a readable picture
Put that picture into standards needs

17. TS approach Generic description of effects of earthquake
Collapsed buildings
Landslide
Disruption of services
Etc…

18. Scenario definition Generic description of earthquake Specific case
Collapsed buildings
Fires
Landslide
Etc
Specific case
Selected effects
Numbers of effects (casualities etc)

19. Justification for specific scenario
Quantification of effects
Quantification of responses
Quantification of communication needs