1. Waste Generation & Disposal and Invasive Species Review
Chapter 16
APES
2017

2. Multiple Choice Answers from pages 459-460B D E A C

3. Lebron James Quote (4/23/15)
“I have no phones, no social media, I don’t have anything. I don’t care about nonsense. There is too much nonsense out there. Not during this time. This is when I lock in right now. I don’t need nothing creeping into my mind that don’t need to be there.” The Playoffs are Zero Dark-Thirty.

4. Mr. L. Walls 2016

5. Recite the formula for calculating the percent change.

6. Recite the formula for calculating the percent change
Recite the formula for calculating the percent change. (Original value minus the final value divided by the original value) times 100.

7. The amount of trash varies.
What season in the US generates the most trash? Do richer or poorer people generate the most trash? Do all parts of the country generate the same amount of trash?

8. The amount of trash varies.
What season in the US generates the most trash? Christmas Do richer or poorer people generate the most trash? Richer Do all parts of the country generate the same amount of trash? Idaho, North Dakota and Connecticut produce less than 8 tons of trash per person per year, while Nevada, Colorado and Pennsylvania produce over 35 tons per person per year.

9. Name the 4 most common forms of trash in the waste stream of the United States.

10. Name the 4 most common forms of trash in the waste stream of the United States. Paper, plastic, yard waste and food waste.

11. What type of product – disposable or non disposable – enters the waste stream the quickest?

12. What type of product – disposable or non disposable – enters the waste stream the quickest?

13. The major component of the MSW in the United States is _____

14. The major component of the MSW in the United States is paper.

15. What percent of MSW comes from residences and what percent comes from businesses?

16. What percent of MSW comes from residences (60%) and what percent comes from businesses (40%) ?

17. If more people composted their waste, what would happen to the size/fill rate of sanitary landfills?

18. If more people composted their waste, what would happen to the size/fill rate of sanitary landfills? Since about 33% of material is compostable, landfills could be smaller and would fill up slower if everybody composted their waste.

19. What types of materials are compostable?

20. What types of materials are compostable? Paper, food and yard waste

21. Identify a negative externality associated with composting at a sanitary landfill.

22. Identify a negative externality associated with composting at a sanitary landfill. Requires more workers, more surface area and more smells and wind blown particulates.

23. Give 3 examples of e-waste.

24. Give 3 examples of e-waste
Give 3 examples of e-waste. Computers, monitors, phones, radios, televisions, speakers and other electronic devices.

25. Name an environmental externality associated with the disposal of e-waste in a sanitary landfill.

26. Name an environmental externality associated with the disposal of e-waste in a sanitary landfill. Toxic metals in the computers and phones end up in the leachate and the drinking water.

27. Name the 2 most common ways of disposing MSW in the U.S.

28. Name the 2 most common ways of disposing MSW in the U. S
Name the 2 most common ways of disposing MSW in the U.S. Sanitary landfills and incineration

29. Name a negative externality associated with landfills.

30. Name a negative externality associated with landfills.
Loss of habitat, accumulation of toxic materials in the soil, leachate can leak into water supply, methane build up, smells, visual blight, dust, attraction of vermin and when trucks burn fuel they give off carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas and makes the earth warmer.

31. You will have a math question that looks very similar to the “Do the Math” leachate question on page 450.
Convert 50 mm into meters.

32. You will have a math question that looks very similar to the “Do the Math” leachate question on page 450.
Convert 50 mm into meters m

33. Which form of municipal solid waste disposal is the most common in the U.S.?

34. Which form of municipal solid waste disposal is the most common in the U.S.? Sanitary Landfill

35. What happens to the methane that develops in a sanitary landfill?

36. What happens to the methane that develops in a sanitary landfill
What happens to the methane that develops in a sanitary landfill? Used to create energy or burned off

37. Why do we bother to capture the methane from a landfill?

38. Why do we bother to capture the methane from a landfill
Why do we bother to capture the methane from a landfill? Methane is a greenhouse gas even more potent than carbon dioxide in trapping heat near the earth. Methane can also be turned into electricity. Methane is also explosive. Methane smells bad and it is an air pollutant.

39. What collects the leachate?

40. What collects the leachate
What collects the leachate? Pipes at the bottom of the landfill that bring the leachate to a treatment center.

41. Incineration is a more expensive way to remove trash than sanitary landfills. Are open dumps more expensive than sanitary landfills?

42. Incineration is a more expensive way to remove trash than sanitary landfills. Are open dumps more expensive than sanitary landfills? Dumps are cheap.

43. Name a negative externality associated with incineration.

44. Name a negative externality associated with incineration.
Air pollution, concentration of toxic metals in the ash, waste heat, release of carbon dioxide gas which can increase the temperature of the earth, ash must be disposed of in a landfill, hydrochloric acid can be produced as well.

45. Name two positive externalities associated with incinerators:

46. Name two positive externalities associated with incinerators:
-less material ends up in a landfill
-heat can be used for desalination & generate electricity.
-ash can be used to make bricks
-no leachate is produced

47. What can be used to minimize the particulate matter that is created during incineration of msw?

48. What can be used to minimize the particulate matter that is created during incineration of msw? Baghouse filters and electrostatic precipitators and smoke stacks.

49. Which is more expensive to construct, a sanitary landfill or an incinerator?

50. Which is more expensive to construct, a sanitary landfill or an incinerator? Incinerator

51. Identify a positive externality associated with the ash that remains from an incinerator? (name a good thing you can do with the ash)

52. Identify a positive externality associated with the ash that remains from an incinerator? You can make bricks

53. Name the 3 ways that you can minimize the amount of material that is sent to a landfill or an incinerator? Hint, all the ways begin with an R.

54. Name the 3 ways that you can minimize the amount of material that is sent to a landfill or an incinerator? Hint, all the ways begin with an R. Reduce, reuse and recycle.

55. Rank the following in terms of amount of benefit to the environment (most to least): Reduce, reuse, recycle.

56. Rank the following in terms of amount of benefit to the environment (most to least): Reduce, reuse, recycle. Reduce, reuse, recycle

57. Identify 3 positive externalities of recycling aluminum cans

58. Identify 3 positive externalities of recycling aluminum cans
Identify 3 positive externalities of recycling aluminum cans. Less habitat loss/fragmentation from mining new aluminum ores, less leaching of mine tailings, less leaching of metal in landfills, less energy used to mine and transport the ore.

59. In an open loop recycling plan, a plastic bottle can be recycled into ______________

60. In an open loop recycling plan, a plastic bottle can be recycled into anything else but a plastic bottle.

61. What type of soil is used to line the bottom and sides of a sanitary landfill and cap the top of a sanitary landfill?

62. What type of soil is used to line the bottom and sides of a sanitary landfill and cap the top of a sanitary landfill? CLAY

63. Why is clay used to line and cap a sanitary landfill?

64. Why is clay used to line and cap a sanitary landfill
Why is clay used to line and cap a sanitary landfill? Clay has a small diameter, so it packs together tightly and prevents water from infiltrating the landfill and prevents leachate from leaving the landfill. Clay will also trap positive ions.

65. What is compost and can all materials be composted?

66. What is compost and can all materials be composted
What is compost and can all materials be composted? Compost is decayed organic matter that can be used as a plant fertilizer. Paper, food waste and yard waste is compostable. Plastic and metals are not compostable.

67. One of the biggest components of a landfill are paper, food waste and yard waste, but not much composting occurs in a sanitary landfill. Explain why composting does not usually occur in a landfill.

68. One of the biggest components of a landfill are paper, food waste and yard waste, but not much composting occurs in a sanitary landfill. Explain why composting does not usually occur in a landfill. Workers at the landfill bury the trash each night. This prevents sunlight, air and water from decomposing the trash, so it remains in its original state for a very long time.

69. Which group of people would be most likely to succeed at preventing a landfill from being constructed near their neighborhood? Affluent neighborhood or poorer neighborhood?

70. Which group of people would be most likely to succeed at preventing a landfill from being constructed near their neighborhood? Affluent neighborhood or poorer neighborhood?

71. One of the biggest components of a landfill are paper, food waste and yard waste, but not much composting occurs in a sanitary landfill. Explain why composting does not usually occur in a landfill. Sanitary landfills minimize the amount of water to reduce toxic leachate and minimize exposure to the sun and air to limit the amount of smells, visual blight and animal nuisance.

72. The U. S. produces 36 million tons of hazardous waste per year
The U.S. produces 36 million tons of hazardous waste per year. Individual households create 1.6 million tons of hazardous waste annually. What percent of total hazardous waste is produced by households?

73. The U. S. produces 36 million tons of hazardous waste per year
The U.S. produces 36 million tons of hazardous waste per year. Individual households create 1.6 million tons of waste annually. What percent of total hazardous waste is produced by households?
1.6 million tons/36 million tons * 100 = 4.4%

74. Which of the following would be considered hazardous waste: manure based fertilizer, car batteries, insecticides, jet fuel and antifreeze.

75. Which of the following would be considered hazardous waste: manure based fertilizer, car batteries, insecticides, jet fuel and antifreeze.

76. Name 2 environmental laws that are associated with hazardous waste.

77. Name 2 environmental laws that are associated with hazardous waste
Name 2 environmental laws that are associated with hazardous waste. RCRA & CERCLA

78. Which environmental law, RCRA or CERCLA, is concerned with cradle to grave tracking of hazardous waste?

79. Which environmental law, RCRA or CERCLA, is concerned with cradle to grave tracking of hazardous waste? RCRA

80. Which environmental law was responsible for cleaning up Love Canal?

81. Which environmental law was responsible for cleaning up Love Canal
Which environmental law was responsible for cleaning up Love Canal? CERCLA

82. Identify one contaminant that was found in the basements of homes built above Love Canal.

83. Identify one contaminant that was found in the basements of homes built above Love Canal. Benzene and trichloroethelyne (both carcinogens)

84. Where does the federal government get the money to clean up superfund sites?

85. Where does the federal government get the money to clean up superfund sites? Taxes on manufacturers of oil and chemicals

86. What part of the US has the fewest superfund sites?

87. What part of the US has the fewest superfund sites?

88. What is a brownfield?

89. What is a brownfield? An abandoned factory, gas station or building that has a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant that must be cleaned up before it is sold or developed.

90. Name some components of an integrated waste management plan.

91. Name some components of an integrated waste management plan
Name some components of an integrated waste management plan. Recycling, reuse, reduce, landfill, incinerate, create hazardous waste sites

92. What is the LD50 of a product?

93. What is the LD50 of a product
What is the LD50 of a product? The dose that will kill 50% of the population.

94. Dioxin is produced during incineration. Dioxin has a LD50 of 0.1 µg/kg. How many micrograms of dioxin would a 70 kilogram person need to ingest to reach the LD50?

95. Dioxin is produced during incineration. Dioxin has a LD50 of 0.1 µg/kg. How many micrograms of dioxin would a 70 kilogram person need to ingest to reach the LD50? 70kg x 0.1 µg/kg = 7µg of dioxin

96. Are all alien species invasive?

97. Are all alien species invasive
Are all alien species invasive? No, only if it reproduces quickly and out competes the native species.

98. Why were silver carp brought to the United States?

99. Why were Asian carp brought to the United States? To control algae

100. Are invasive species most likely r selected species or K selected species?

101. Are invasive species most likely r selected species or K selected species? r selected

102. Name an invasive species and the habitat it invades.

103. Name an invasive species and the habitat it invades
Name an invasive species and the habitat it invades. Could be any r selected species in any habitat.