1. Operation Bleaching Process of Textile Material
Textile Finishing Technology
SMKN 1 KATAPANG KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Kelas X Semester 2

2. Bleaching Process
Bleaching is process to remove the coloured impurities from textile fibers so that obtained a white and good materials.Either with an oxidizing or reducing agent
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3. The kinds of agents bleaching:
1. Oxidator agent of bleaching
Oxidator agent of bleaching have two classification : that is concidering chlorine and which do not contain chlorine
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4. Oxidator agents of bleaching do not containing chlorine consist of :
- Hidrogen peroxide
- Sodium Peroxide
- Sodium Perborat
- Potassium of bikhromat
- Potassium of permanganat
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5. Oxidator agent of bleaching containing of chlorine consist of:
- Caporit
- Sodium hipoclorit
- Natrium chlorit
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6. 2.Reduktor agents of bleaching consist of :
- Sulphur dioxide
- Sodium sulfit
- Sodium Bisulfit
- Sodium hidrosulfit
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7. Charasterictic of Bleaching Treatment
1. Caporit
Caporit is salt double from CaCl2 and of Ca(OCl)2, so that was repreasented by the formula CaOCl2.
Caporit in form of bleaching powder is strong oksidator and is generally used for the whitening of cotton. Caporit in commercial containing about 30-60% clor active. When the first caporit react in water to become its salt,then hidrolysis liberates hipochlorit the unstableness and easy to ravelled to become hidrogen chlorida and oxygen .
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8. Ca(OCl)2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2+ 2HOCl HOCl HCl + On
2CaOCl CaCl2 + Ca(Ocl)2
Ca(OCl)2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2+ 2HOCl
HOCl HCl + On
Reaction of above chemistry of more important mean in bleaching with kaporit. During process of bleaching, caporit also liberate gaseous of klor which a part some to be absorp its material . Gaseous of klor this can result damage of fibre so that strength of fibre descend.
For avoid to be needed by removing klor process with sodium bisulfit,sodium sulfit, sodium hjdrosulfit.
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9. Factors effect decomposition of salt of hipochlorit 1) Effect of pH
2) Effect of carbondioksida
3) Effect of oxide and metal
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10. Procedur operation of bleaching process with caporit used exhaustion methode
Recipe
Bleaching process
Caporit : gr/l
Na2CO3 : 4- 5 g/l
Wetting agent : 1 ml/l
Temperature : at room temperature
Time : 60 minute
Liquor ratio : 1 :30
Acidity process
HCl : 3 ml/l
Time : 15 minute
Liquor ratio : 1 : 30
Removing Klor process
Na2S2O4 : 3 g/l
Temperature : 70oC
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11. Procedure Operation
- Good materials and chemical agent to weigh as according to calculation of recipe
- Water, kaporit,Na2CO3 and wetting agent prepared as according to liquor ratio at recipe
- Fabric done at solution process with room temperature of , then stir to flatten during 60 minute
- Then fabric rinsed afterwards acidity process during 15 minute
- Afterwards fabric cleaned by hot water;then cleaned to be chill water
- Removing clor process during 15 minute, at temperature 50oC
- Materials cleaned and dried later;then perceive result of him cover white degree test of fabric.
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12. Schema Process of Bleaching Cotton with Capori used Exhaustion Methode
Acidity
process
Removing Klor
70oC
Time (minute)
Schema Process of Bleaching Cotton with Capori used Exhaustion Methode
Rinsed by water
Rinsed by hot water and chill water
Washing
TemperatureoC
30oC
Caporit
Na2CO3
Wetting agent
HCl
Na2S2O4
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13. 2.Sodium Hipoklorit
Sodium hipokloritof is bleaching agent having oxidation energy which is was highest to be compared the other bleaching agent witth redox-potensial among 1400 mv mv. Sodium hipoclotite generally contain % the available clor very alkalis. This chemical agent is relative cheaper and in its use can be combined with bleaching agent and also can be used at combined process (continue) by scouring at high temperature with kier boiling. Insuffiency or loss of usage of this agent in storage unstabilized and decomposition (in reduction) tend liberate gas of klor in consequence of redox-potensial of agents. salt of sodium hipokhlorit ravelled by strong acid become acid of hipokhlorit or yield chlorine gas depended from to the number of acids which is ekuivalen,
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14. Factors influencing decomposition of salt of sodium hipokhlorit
Reaction :
NaOCl + HCl NaCl + HOCl
NaOCl + 2HCl NaCl + Cl2 + H2O
Factors influencing decomposition of salt of sodium hipokhlorit
1) Influence of pH
2) Influence of oxide and metal of
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15. 4. Hidrogen Peroxide
In general peroxide bleaching which was often used in textile industry are commercialized peroxide hydrogen was also recognized by perhidrol. In commerce of peroxide hydrogen in the form of condensation which the was concentration of gyrating % ( volume) and stabilized with acid. Nature of dissolve easy peroxide hydrogen in water at various comparison, if heated easy to ravelled to discharge oxygen gas so that very used effective for bleaching.
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16. Factors influencing decomposition of H2O2 1) Influence of pH
H2O2 → H2O + On
Factors influencing decomposition of H2O2
1) Influence of pH
2) Influence of temperature
3) Influence of stabilizer
4) Influence of metal oxide or metal.
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17. Optical brightenning
Optical brightenning agent is agent to add brightness of materials because enlarging reflection of sun light, so that fabric look white and more light. Reflection of light happened because optical brightenning agent have the character of fluoresen.
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18. 1. Derivat-derivat of flavonat acid,used for natural fibre
Optical brightenning process can be done after bleaching , but earning also together simultan bleaching or finishing ,depended of optic to be used.
Optical brightenning agent can be classified to become 2 group,that is:
1. Derivat-derivat of flavonat acid,used for natural fibre
2. Heterociklik used for synthetic fibre .
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19. Procedur operation of optical brightenning process with exhaustion methode
Recipe
Optical Brightenning Process
-Uvitex : 3 % of solution
-NaCl : 4 g/l
-Time : 50 minute
-Temperature : 80 – 90oC
- Liquor ratio : 1 : 30
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20. Procedure Operation
- Materials and chemical agents to weigh as according to calculation of recipe
- Water and chemical agents prepared as according to liquor ratio at recipe
- Fabric done at solution process with temperature 80o - 90oC, then stir to flatten during 50 minute
- Then fabric cleaned by hot and chill water
- Materials which have cleaned to be to dried ;then weigh and perceive the brightness of fabric
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21. Schema Process Uvitex NaCl SuhuoC 90oC OBA Process 30oC
Rinsed by Hot water
And chill water
OBA Process
Time (minute)
Schema Process Optical Brightenning Process Of Tetoron Cotton
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