1. APES-Sustainability

2. Which of the following would be considered an ecosystem service?
The large number of extinctions leading to a loss of biodiversity
The use of resources at a level of sustainable yield.
c) The ability of porous soil to filter and purify water
d) The cost of a good or service not included in the purchase price of that good or surface.
e) The large number of fish harvested from global oceans.

3. 2. Which of the following illustrates the “Tragedy of the Commons”
The failure of developing countries to develop solar energy.
A farmer selling cropland to a municipality for construction of a landfill
Collapse of honeybee colonies due to pesticide exposure
Overfishing of the world’s oceans
Reduction of carbon emissions due to cap and trade policies

4. 3. An APES student wishes to test the hypothesis that a hog farm along the Neuse River was leading to nutrients in the river, which altered the metabolism of the Pfiesteria and led to a fish die off. She tested nitrogen levels at three locations upstream of the farm, at the farm and three locations down stream from the farm.
How would you improve the validity of the experiment?
Collect multiple samples at each testing site and average them
Test the pH of the water at the same locations
Test the river at 5 locations upstream and downstream from the farm
Plot the trend in nitrogen concentration for the past 20 years.
Compare nitrogen levels in the Neuse River with those of other rivers in the area.

5. 4. All of the following are examples of negative externalities except
Global climate change as a result of greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of coal, oil and gasoline
Increased pollination rates of surrounding crop plants as a result of local beekeeping
A pulp mill that produces paper pollutes the surrounding water
Runoff of pesticides from a farm into a river
Acid deposition in the Adirondacks as a result of coal burning in the Midwest.

6. 5. Implementing full cost pricing could result in which of the following?
Higher prices and a reduction in consumption of items with high negative impacts
Lower prices and an increase in the consumption of items with high negative impacts
Greater consumer demand for products with high negative impacts
Lower production costs due to diminishing natural resources
Reduced production of environmentally friendly goods and services

7. 6. The genuine progress indicator (GPI)is a more representative measure of the wealth and well being of a country than the gross domestic product because the GPI
Does not reflect personal consumption, income distribution or levels of higher education
Can be increased by higher health care costs and a greater incidence of illness
Includes resource depletion, pollution and health of the population in its calculations
Has risen in the US while the GDP has remained fairly constant since 1970.
Measures productivity and consumption without taking externalities into account

8. 7. Which of the following are key global environmental indicators?
Human population
Biological diversity
Aluminum can recycling
I only
II only
III only
I and II
I, II and III

9. 8. The country of Apeslandia has a total ecological footprint of 9
8. The country of Apeslandia has a total ecological footprint of 9.9 million hectares and a population of 1.1 million people. What is the per capita footprint of Apeslandia?

10. 9. Apeslandia had a 2015 population of 200 million people
9. Apeslandia had a 2015 population of 200 million people. If it is growing at a rate of 2%, how many people were added to the population in that year? 10. In what year will the population of Apeslandia be 800 million?