1. Eilat - Eilot Conference November 2016
The Environmental, Economic and Energetic Advantages of Coal Substitutes
Eilat - Eilot Conference
November 2016
Sagiv Ben-Arie
Business Development
IEC

2. Mission
“Greener” Electricity with Lower Economic / Environmental Costs

3. Coal Substitutes RDF = partial biomass, "greener " and cost-effective.
Trimming = biomass and "greener ".
Sludge = biomass and "greener ".

4. Original Context
IEC initiative – examination and recommendation to promote co-firing of RDF in IEC coal power plants.
Presentation of the professional report to decision makers.
Recruiting support from Energy & Environmental protection Ministries.
15/1/12 The Ministry of Energy directs IEC to consider various alternatives for the use of coal substitutes up to the rate of 20%, dependent on coal price.

5. RDF - Blueprints
IEC together with partners intends to initiate the erection and operation of a RDF plant.
Incentive free.
The RDF plant input will be unsorted MSW.
Co-firing of the RDF with IEC’s typical coal basket.
Thermal ratio of RDF / Coal – 5 / 95%.
The actual rate will be derived from emission limitations.

6. RDF – Blueprints (cont.)
IEC will be the Consumer as well as the Supplier / Investor.
Daily average aggregate MSW in Israel is about 14,000 tons, the plant will utilize 1500 tons.
The production potential of 1500 MSW tons daily ~ (750 tons RDF) ~ 50 MW generation capacity.

7. RDF – General RDF – Refused Derived Fuel is an environmental friendly
proven technology of waste recovery.
RDF is an outcome of industrial processes of waste separating and sorting: optional drying (SRF).
The production processes involving various methods as well as utilizing size reduction equipment.

8. Recovery of Waste: Waste to Energy Based on RDF
Global power stations: ~ 70 dedicated / stand alone and
~ 25 co-firing.
RDF is considered to be green energy. In Israel the organic
fractions are considered as renewables.
This project has significant environmental value –
landfilling reduction and renewable in some aspects.

9. RDF Project - Environmental Advantages
Using two units in Rutenberg Power plant (capacity 1100MW)
Implications of landfilling reduction of about 500,000 tons MSW annually :
Soil contamination reduction.
Water resources and ground water contamination reduction.
Landfills: Green House Gas (GHG) emission reduction.
Increased scale of land reserve.
Trucks mileage reduction – with the inherent rate of air
pollution.

10. RDF Project – Economic Advantages (cont.)
Electricity generation cost reduction – payback to the customers of nearly 40 million NIS per year.
Landfill associated cost reduction by 130 million NIS annually.

11. &

13. IEC Plant– Flows (With Bio-Dry)
( from the input50% )
IEC Plant– Flows (With Bio-Dry)
MSW
Separating, sorting and recycling plant
RDF 50%
Recycled Metals 11%
Humidity
29%
Landfilled
~- 10%

14. RDF Test IEC imported 800 tons of RDF from Italy.
The chosen supplier was the RDF supplier to
ENEL, Fusina coal fired power plant (14 years of experience in co-firing).
3. The actual co-firing test was executed in May 2015.
The process completed without any negative impact on
boiler and unit performance.

15. RDF Test – Environmental Implications
Emission concentrations were within the approved emission permit issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Chloride based emissions: high concentration of Cl in the RDF requires better screening of RDF.
No substantial change in fly ash quality and gypsum characters
produced in the FGD during RDF co-firing.

16. Time Table – for the Plant
Commencement of construction – 2019
Commissioning – 2020
Operation
Milestones:
Regulators and government approvals – Q4 2017
Tender for partner – Q3 2018
Development – Q3 2019
Construction Q4 2020

17. Future Projects – Biomass Global Experience
Global rich experience in various technologies of utilizing
biomass in energy production.
Example – DRAX power plant (England) – the largest in the world. Co-firing of coal with biomass pellets – in capacity of 400 MW with 20% bio mass.

18. Future Projects – Biomass Global Experience
(cont.)
Multiple plants in Belgium, Netherland, Germany and
others.
Biomass utilization facilitate CO2 emission reduction and
economical waste recovery.
IEC plans to be part of the success.

19. Future Projects: Trimmings
Co-firing of tree stumps- citrus & avocado as coal substitutes.
This type has government prioritizing as it is the raw material
for the illegal charcoal production facilities which create
significant air pollution.
Presents 20% of the total trimming with potential production ~ 300,000 tons annually ~ 35 MW generation capacity.
Alternative methods such as wood pellets and bio-coal are
being scrutinized as well.

20. Future Projects: Trimmings
(cont.)
To sum-up: IEC can facilitate a solution for a severe
environmental hazard.
Full, continuous implementation is subject to positive test
results and an appropriate business model and tariff
arrangements.

21. Future Projects: Trimmings
The Test
Co-firing of 1000 tons of Tree Stumps- Citrus & Avocado in
Orot Rabin Power Plant.
Tentative schedule: Q2 /2018.
Thermal ratio of 3% biomass - 97% coal.
Dedicated pulverizers and feeding process– as in the anticipated
commercial operation.

22. Future Projects: Trimmings
The Test (cont.)
Anticipated outcome 5% of the CO2 emissions reduction: as
utilizing biomass considered as Zero Carbon.
Anticipated outcome – no significant implications on other
emissions – even slightly decrease in NOx & SO2.
Approved appropriate business model – tariff arrangements.

23. Trimming Project – Unit 5 Orot Rabin
Unit Boiler5
Turbine

24. Trimming Project – General Arrangement

25. Future Projects: Sludge
IEC pre-examined co-firing of urban sludge from waste water
treatment plants, as a coal substitute.
Preliminary technical feasibility study has been approved.
Drying process is required in order to produce solid rate of
80%-90%.
Typical sludge containing heavy metals: Thermal ratio of
Dried Sludge / Coal – 2% / 98%.
The production potential: 115,000 tons annually ~ 20 MW generation capacity.

26. Future Projects: Sludge
Small-scale energy generation - significant environmental advantages.
Required a supportive business model.
Assumption: cost of sludge treatment as coal substitute
~ 60 million NIS annually, VS cost of landfilling sludge
~ 120 million NIS annually, but nevertheless is higher
than coal.

27. Sagiv Ben-Arie