1. Quick Review: What do you remember about… the French and Indian War
Quick Review: What do you remember about… the French and Indian War??? True OR False
Spain was England’s biggest rival for dominance in North America.
All of the Indians sided with France during the French & Indian War.
Florida became English territory as a result of the French & Indian War.
France won the French & Indian War.
The treaty ending the war was the Treaty of Paris of
In Europe, the French & Indian War was called the Ten Years War.
The British allowed France to keep some of its North American colonies.
At the end of the French & Indian War, Britain paid off all of the national debt.

3. The French and Indian War created TWO problems for Britain
The British were going to have to defend the colonies from hostile Indians west of the Appalachians who had been allies of the French or had been promised land by the British.
The war was extremely expensive, and Great Britain was left with a tremendous national debt

4. Solution #1: The Proclamation of 1763
In order to stabilize relations between Great Britain and the Native Americans (they could not afford another costly war), King George II said colonists could NOT settle west of the Mississippi.

5. The Georgia colony was less concerned for TWO reasons:
This angered the colonists who had fought in the war in order to gain new land . Some ignored it and settled new lands anyway.
The Georgia colony was less concerned for TWO reasons:
Most of the colony lived along the GA coastline, a major trade route.
Georgia gained new coastal land to settle from Spain and their Native American Allies, which was south of the line drawn by the Proclamation of 1763, opening new coastal lands to settle.
-South to St. Mary’s
-North to Augusta -West to Mississippi

6. Solution #2: The Stamp Act
King George II felt that since the war had been fought to protect the American Colonies, they should pay taxes to help pay off the debt of war.
The American Colonies had no representation in the British Parliament, so they felt they should NOT be taxed.
NO taxation without representation

7. The Stamp Act
In 1765, Britain passed The Stamp Act, a tax on paper goods that required colonists to buy government stamps for nearly all paper goods (newspapers, licenses, legal documents, books, playing cards, etc.).
THE STAMP ACT CAUSED THE FIRST MAJOR, WIDESPREAD PROTESTS AGAINST BRITISH RULE!!!

8. Georgia’s Response
Georgia was the only colony to sell stamps due to Governor Wrights influence.
Some resistance did exist to the Stamp Act, and several prominent Georgians spoke out against this act on November 6, 1765 with a group affiliated with the Sons of Liberty, the “Liberty Boys.”

9. Patriots: Violence Breaks Out
Many citizens reacted violently
Speeches against the act
Hanging effigies (dummies) against Parliamentary leaders and royal governors.
Attacking homes of British officials
Tarring and feathering tax collectors
Sons of Liberty – a group (patriots) of many upper and middle class citizens joined to protest the taxes. They were known for printing propaganda and tarring and feathering Tories.
Georgia’s version of this group is known as the Liberty Boys.

10. 1770-Boston Massacre
Due to the Stamp Act, American colonists began to rebel.
Boston, 1770~ A mob of angry colonists taunted and threatened to attack a small unit of British soldiers. The soldiers fired into the mob and killed five colonists.
The first casualty of war was Crispus Attucks.

11. Propaganda:
Propaganda was often used to influence/persuade the colonist to choose a side.

12. Example Propaganda- What is the meaning?

13. Propaganda
The following three slides are example of propaganda from the American Revolution. Each one depicts a slightly different view of the events of the Boston Massacre. View each picture and look for differences in the “message” that is being portrayed. Which side do you think each picture favors, patriot or loyalist?

17. Tea Act ($) Boston Tea Party
1773: In order to (1) help the East Indian Trading Company, (2) Britain shipped tea directly to colonies where it could be sold for less than colonial merchants could.
December 1773: several colonists protested the Tea Act by dumping nearly 350 chests of tea ($18k worth) into Boston Harbor. This event was called the Boston Tea Party.

18. FYI: Townshend Act 1767 (five years before the Tea Act)
Import tax on tea, paper, glass and coloring for paint.
Outcome: People stopped painting their homes and drank coffee instead of tea.
This is different from the Tea Act because…..
The Townshend Act was a direct tax on products including tea
The Tea Act was allowed Britain to export tea directly to the colonies at a lower price than the colonial merchants could. Therefore, colonists felt that this was a trick to get them to buy the tea and pay a lower tax.

19. INTOLERABLE ACTS AKA- Coercive Acts
In response to the destruction of the tea, the British government issued the Intolerable Acts and refused to repeal them until the tea was paid for.
The closed the Boston port (Boston Port Act)
The Massachusetts colony could not hold town meetings without permission of the Royal Governor (Massachusetts Government Act)
Any British official that committed a capital crime was sent back to England to stand trial (Impartial Administration Act)
QUARTERING ACT- forced citizens of Massachusetts to house and feed the British soldiers at the citizen’s expense.

20. The First Continental Congress
The intolerable acts caused many to feel sympathy for Massachusetts and lead colonial leaders to unify in the belief that the British parliament was violating their natural and constitutional rights.
12 colonies sent representatives, all except Georgia.
At this meeting members agreed to:
boycott British goods
Give military support to Massachusetts if they were attacked by Great Britain

21. What’s up with Georgia??
The response from Georgia was minimal in regards to the British “acts”
Georgia was one of the youngest colonies and was dependent on Britain for defense from the Indians
Royal Governor James Wright was popular with the colonists and instrumental in slowing down their reactions.
Economy was strong and success with British allies
However, those loyal to the Patriot cause, such as, Noble. W Jones and Peter Tondee, began to gather strength in Georgia

22. Second Continental Congress
The first shot fired in the American Revolution took place at the Battles of Lexington and Concord AKA- The Shot Heard ‘Round the World
Philadelphia 1775:
Colonists feared that the British planned on using force to oppress the colonies, so they agreed to meet again to consider declaring independence!!!
It is here that the delegates draft their Break-up Letter with Great Britain.

23. What is the Second Continental Congress?
Group of delegates including:
John Adams
Sam Adams
Benjamin Franklin
John Hancock
Patrick Henry
Met for an extended period of time: May 5, 1775 through the end of the war. During this time:
Organized the Continental Army
Appointed George Washington as army commander
Authorized the printing of money
Wrote the Olive Branch Petition
Drafted the Declaration of Independence
Article of Confederation

24. The Declaration of Independence
Adopted on July 4, 1776 by the Continental Congress.
Drafted by Thomas Jefferson
In Georgia~
Gov. Wright had been ousted and the colony was under patriot rule.
Three Georgian’s attended the Second Continental Congress and signed the Declaration of Independence: Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton

25. Georgia’s Representatives

26. Part One: Preamble: explains the natural rights of people
Describes what one deserves in a in a relationship
the reason for the document
Famous Quote: “We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

27. Part Two: Lists all of the grievances against King George including:
Imposing taxes without our consent
Quartering large bodies of troops among us
How THEY messed up

28. Part Three: Actually declares independence from the mother country.
The Declaration declared that the colonies were free from British rule and were now 13 separate, independent countries!!!
It's over. FREEDOM!

29. School House Rock

30. Button Gwinnett

31. Button Gwinnett
1765 Arrived in Georgia and bought St. Catherine’s Island
1769 became involved in politics, but withdrew in 1773 due to financial problems
Signer of the Declaration of Independence.
He was instrumental in the creation of the Georgia Constitution of 1777.

32. Rivalry Turns Deadly Died in a duel
He became a political rival of Lachlan McIntosh who publically criticized and challenged him to a duel.
The duel took place in May 1777 where both men shot each other.
On May 19, 1777, Gwinnett died of his wounds.
Gwinnett County is named for him.

33. Lyman Hall

34. Lyman Hall Born in Wallingford, Connecticut and graduated from Yale
Became an ordained minister in 1747, but switched to practicing medicine after several controversies.
1760- He moved to Georgia
1775- He was the only Georgia representative in the Second Continental Congress. He participated in debates, but did not vote because he did not represent the whole state
1776- Walton and Gwinnett joined him and they voted for independence and they signed the Declaration.
1783- He was elected Governor
Instrumental in the founding of the University of Georgia.
Hall County was named after him.

35. George Walton

36. George Walton Most politically successful of the three Ga signers
Born in Virginia and moved to Georgia in 1769.
Established himself as one of the most successful lawyers in the colony.
1776- he was appointed as a representative at the Second Continental Congress where he signed the Declaration
Served in the Georgia militia and was eventually captured by the British.
After a prison exchange, he was released and elected as Governor of Georgia, but he was elected to Congress after two months.
After the war, he served as Chief Justice of the Superior Court
1789- served a second term as governor, then U.S. Senator, and finally a superior court judge.
Died February 2, 1804.
Walton County is named in his honor.

37. Fact
The three Georgia representatives were appointed as delegates to attend the Second Continental Congress.
However, only Lyman Hall made it to the full session.

38. War Begins

39. in the AMERICAN REVOLUTION
GEORGIA
in the AMERICAN REVOLUTION

40. SS8H3 – The student will analyze the role of Georgia in the American Revolution.
Standard (SS8H3b) – The student will analyze the significance of people and events in Georgia on the Revolutionary War; include Loyalists, Patriots, Elijah Clarke, Austin Dabney, Nancy Hart, Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton, the Battle of Kettle Creek, and the Siege of Savannah.

41. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
- Most Georgia Loyalists lived along the coast, in or around Savannah.
They were wealthy and benefited from their trade relationship with England.

42. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
- Most Georgia Patriots lived in Georgia’s frontier backcountry (also called the upcountry). They tended to rely on themselves and did not want to be bothered by the government.
This division of territories and patriots and loyalties created “two” Georgia’s during the war.

43. Fighting Begins in Georgia
- The first major fighting in the South took place in the December 1778 when the British defeated the Patriots at Savannah. Georgia the only colony to be retaken by the British during the war.
- By January 1779, the British had also captured Augusta, Georgia’s only other major city.

44. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:.
The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
- Sir James Wright was restored as Royal Governor of Georgia and efforts were made to hunt down Georgia colonists who had supported the Whigs.

45. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
The fight appeared to be lost for Georgia’s Patriots…
…UNTIL…

46. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
The Battle of Kettle
Took place on February 14, 1779
Elijah Clark led the Georgia militia in a surprise attack on British troops camped at Kettle Creek.
They were out numbered, but brought a much needed patriot victory.

47. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
The Battle of Kettle Creek Outcomes:
This forced the British to withdraw from Augusta and prevented the British from gaining control of the back country
Raised morale of Georgia patriots and gave them needed supplies.
… but things were soon to take a turn for the worse …

48. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
The Siege of Savannah
- October American and French troops attack Savannah in hopes of retaking the city.
- The attack was a failure and very little damage was done to the British military and Savannah stayed in British control until 1782.

49. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
The Siege of Savannah
- The attack on Savannah was the second bloodiest battle of the Revolutionary War: 800 allied troops were killed compared to 18 British
- Polish soldier Count Casimir Pulaski was killed at this battle. He was a Polish officer who commander who came to fight with the colonist.
-Both Pulaski County and Fort Pulaski are named in his honor.

50. The following year, the British were forced to withdraw from Savannah.
The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
The End of the War
After the failed attack on Savannah, the Patriots and Loyalists continued to fight each other.
By 1781, the tide turned against the British, and the Patriots recaptured Augusta.
The following year, the British were forced to withdraw from Savannah.

51. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
The End of the War
- In 1781, General George Washington defeated the largest British Army in America, commanded by Lord Cornwallis, at the Battle of Yorktown. This would be the FINAL battle of the American Revolutionary War.

52. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
The End of the War
- Great Britain and America signed the Treaty of Paris of 1783, recognizing the independence of the thirteen American States.
Video
* Unfortunately for Georgia, the Treaty of Paris of once again gave Spain possession of Florida.

53. Georgia’s Revolutionary War Heroes:
Georgia had many notable soldiers and statesmen who fought for the cause of Independence
1. Elijah Clarke
- The hero of the Battle of Kettle Creek
While the Patriots were struggling to keep their hopes alive, Clarke led small groups through the Carolina frontier to attack the British with guerilla tactics.
- In 1781, Clarke returned to Georgia from Carolina and helped the Patriots regain control of Augusta

54. Georgia’s Revolutionary War Heroes:
2. Austin Dabney
A slave who joined the Whigs
The only black Whig soldier at the Battle of Kettle Creek
Seriously wounded at Kettle Creek, Dabney was cared for by Giles Harris, a white friend
Granted his freedom by the government of Georgia in 1786
Chose to work for Giles Harris’ family for the rest of his life

55. Georgia's Revolutionary War Heroes:
3. Nancy Hart
A six-foot tall, red head known as the Wauhatchie War Woman
According to legend, served as a Whig spy at Kettle Creek
Killed possibly six invading British soldiers after getting them drunk on wine when they
demanded she cook for them
- Today, Hart County is the only County in Georgia named after a woman
* In 1912, railroad workers who were working near the Hart homestead came across the graves of six skeletons!!!

56. the Revolutionary War in Georgia???
Lesson Two (SS8H3b) – The student will analyze the significance of people and events in Georgia on the Revolutionary War; include Loyalists, Patriots, Elijah Clarke, Austin Dabney, Nancy Hart, Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton, the Battle of Kettle Creek, and the Siege of Savannah.
What do you remember about…
the Revolutionary War in Georgia???
Whig Commander and hero of Kettle Creek A. Whig
2nd bloodiest battle of the Revolutionary War B. Backcountry G E H
3. The 6 ft. tall, red headed Wauhatchie War Woman
C. Button Gwinnett I
4. Youngest member of the 2nd Continental Congress
D. Tory B
5. Frontier area of Georgia where Whigs mostly lived
E. Savannah F
6. Slave who fought for the Whigs at Kettle Creek
F. Austin Dabney C
7. Declaration signer who was later killed in a duel
G. Elijah Clarke D
8. Colonists who were Loyal to the King of England
H. Nancy Hart A
9. Colonists who supported independence
I. George Walton
SS8H3 – The student will analyze the role of Georgia in the American Revolution.

57. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS:
Conflict between or within societies produces change. Prior to the Revolutionary War, Georgia enjoyed a wealthy trade partnership with England, as well as the benefits of English friendship with the Native Americans.
What changes in Georgia society do you think will occur as a result of the Revolutionary War?
SS8H2 – The student will analyze the colonial period of Georgia’s history.