1. Catholic Church evolution, and diversions from the mainstream
Church arrives In Britain
Martin Luther
AD 1480 – 1546)
95 Theses rejecting Indulgences
Rejected papal authority
Rejected the sacraments
Called for a german church
Jean Calvin
AD 1509 – 1564)
Claimed God has
pre-determined who
will be saved/damned
Docetism
Gnostics taught Jesus
only appeared to be
a man – was actually
totally divine
Arianism
Son of God was
not God but highest
Creature of God
Monothelitism
Jesus has only
a divine will
Henry VIII
Church of England
St Thomas More and
St John Fisher
beheaded AD 1535
Albigensians
Waldensians
Cathars
Humiliati
Donatists
Only recognised leaders
who refused to surrender
sacred books under Emperor
Diocletian’s persecution
Pelagianism
British monk denied
human nature
corrupted by
original sin
John Knox
AD 1513 – 1572)
Brought Calvanism
to Scotland as the
Presbyterian church
Council of Constance AD
Fixed great schism of
Popes (3 popes at once!;
Elected Martin V
Age of the Fathers of the Church
Church of the Middle Ages
Reformation
The Modern World
The Crusades
The Inquisition
The Age of Reason
Century 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
The Age of Science
Islam – Mohammed dies AD 632
Council of Trent
AD 1563
Established new base
addressing reformation
Issues; re-affirmed
belief in 7 sacraments,
Revelation of God through
BOTH Bible and apostolic
tradition; Mass is Jesus
one sacrifice on Calvary.
Established seminary system.
Novationists
Only recognised people
who had not denied their
faith under Emperor
Decius persecution
Nestorius
Part of School of Antioch
Declared Mary not
Mother of God
Schism between Church of the East
and Church of the West
AD 1054
Montanists
Believed Jesus second
coming was going to
be immediate
Monophysites
Jesus has only
a divine nature
Catholic Church
Headed by the Pope
Orthodox Church
Headed by Patriarchs
c7th century - Eastern and western rites relationship diverges: Patriarch vs Pope
Some important Councils
Constantine
Edict of Milan
AD 313
Granted religious
toleration to
Christians
Constantine
Council of Nicaea
AD 325
Arius is wrong –
developed Creed
Council of Sardica
AD 343
Pope given full
authority over all
western churches
Council of Constantinople
AD 381
Son is one with Father –
Holy Ghost also
Council of Ephesus
AD 431
Mary is Mother of God
Council of Chalcidon
AD 451
Jesus possess two natures
Second Council of Orange
AD 529
Need God’s grace
to do good –
Need human co-operation
to accept grace
Emperor Theodosius
AD 381
Declares christianity
the only official
religion of
Roman Empire

2. The Crusades, and Knights Templar
“The whole point of Islamic salvation history is to adapt
Judeo-Christian religious themes for the formulation of
an Arabian religious identity. ‘
Temple 1 built
by Solomon
Temple 2 built
by Jews BC19
Temple 3
built AD638
Koran/
Hadith
written ?
Christianity vs Islam
Jewish Torah
written?
New Testament
written -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Sumerian civilisation;
wheel, writing, time -
minutes and seconds
Holy Lands occupied by Jews,
Christians, various groups
Pilgrims
unsafe
The Crusades –
Templar Knights
Freemasonry
Adam, Abraham, Solomon
Jesus
Mohammed
Hitler
Syria – Sunni
Egypt - Shia
The Mongols
vs Syria, Egypt
Temple of Solomon treasures - eg Arc of the Covenant; Holy Grail; Wood from Christ’s cross; Spear
The Templar Knights began in France,
sole purpose was protection of the
Holy Land treasures, pilgrim safety
The Peasants’ Crusade – after which, they become an Order of soldier monks within the Catholic Church
The First Crusade – Crusader Knights capture Jerusalem; create first Christian state, Antioch to Jedda
The Second Crusade – Triggered by the fall of Edessa to Muslim forces
Saladin takes Jerusalem
The Third Crusade – concluded by a truce between Richard the Lionheart and Saladin; allowing pilgrims
to visit the Church of the Holy Sepulcre in Jerusalem
The sack of Constantinople
The Fifth Crusade - Crusader armies are trapped and forced to make truce
The Sixth Crusade - The Emperor Frederick II wins back Jerusalem by treaty with the Sultan of Egypt
The Seventh Crusade – Louis IX of France is captured and held for ransom by Egyptian forces
The Eighth Crusade – Crusaders succumbed to disease, dysentery and typhoid - Louis IX also died
The end of a Christian presence in the Holy Land with the sack of Acre, last Crusader port.
But then ….
The Templars become first global
corporation, with great wealth, power,
independence from European kings
Templar power threatens France;
French king covets their wealth to
cover french debt; 5000 knights
arrested; Pope Clement V shocked,
but then moves politically to join/lead
Templar elimination.
Templars regroup in Cyprus; melded into Hospitalier Knights – then, evolved to Knights of Malta etc – eventually, freemasonry claims historical link to templars.
Christianity and Islam collide!

3. The Protestant Reformation and Counter-reformation AD1300 – 1650
Catholic principle of “unity of faith’ replaced by Protestant principle of “purity of faith”
Protestants – believe church of Jesus is an invisible, spiritual reality comprised of all those who belief in Christ rightly in their hearts
Catholics – believe church of Jesus is a visible, historical reality existing in unified form in the world.
The key Protestant reformists
And the catholic reformist response to them was -
The Council of Trent
AD 1563
New Religious Orders
Several great saints
And missionary outreach across the Far East, North and South America
Matteo Ricci, China, 1581; Robert de Nobili, India; Phillipines 1581; St Turibio, Peru 1580; Isaac Jogues, Iroquois indians 1646; John de Brebeuf, Huron indians 1625
Protestantism made little further headway in Europe after 1563 !

4. Then, “the enlightenment” of science!
1600 years of theology – growth of the Church through good and bad times.
Then, “the enlightenment” of science!
Society today is largely ignorant of either the history or actual church teachings
Five million christians,
from 50 million in
Roman empire
AD300
First monastic order –
Cluny, AD910
Age of the Fathers of the Church
Church of the Middle Ages
Reformation
“Enlightenment”
Modern World
The Crusades
The Inquisition
The Age of Reason
Century 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
The Age of Science
Islam – Mohammed dies AD 632
Aquinas
philosophy
New philosophy
Reason is “king”:-
Rene Descartes AD
Immanuel Kant AD
Gottfried Liebniz AD
and then…
Voltaire!
Science emerges
Isaac Newton
Robert Boyle
Secularisation
of Western society
Augustinian
philosophy
In 1879,
Pope Leo X111
declared Aquinas
philosophy
the standard
for judging all
Catholic theology ?
Plato, Aristotle, Socrates,
Euripides
Great
Schism
of popes
Decline In
theology
Protestant
reformers
Catholic
renewal,
mission
outreach
Imperial Europe;
Kings, Princes vs Popes
Persecution
and
martyrs
A period
of many
schisms
Bad
popes
A growing privatisation of religion – its exclusion from the public life of society (eg politics, philosophy, science, the arts, literature, media)

5. Notable catholic writers across the centuries

6. Catholic religious groups across the centuries
Age of
the
Early
Fathers
Some examples …
Church of
The
Middle
Ages
The
Modern
Age
“love thy neighbour” – caring not reasoning comes first