1. Home automation using Arduino & ‘PIR sensor’
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2. Contents: Project overview. Block diagram. Components used
Microcontroller.
Power supply
Arduino.
PIR sensor.
LED.
buzzer
Software used.
Circuit diagram.
Working.
Applications.
Future scope.
Conclusion.
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3. Project overview:
This project is used for home automation without using IoT. When you enter the room the PIR sensor detects the motion and glows all the light sources and ventilation devices connected.
The principle used by this project is to detect surrounding humans/ animals or any object radiating heat.
 the Arduino is used for the purpose. The PIR sensor detects the object & sends a message to the Arduino. The Arduino processes the information. The output is then sent to a LED.
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4. Block diagram:
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5. Components used - Power supply:
7805
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6. Microcontroller used – AVR:
AVR is a family of microcontrollers developed by Atmel. These are modified Harvard architecture & 8 bit RISC single-chip microcontrollers.
AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage, as opposed to one-time programmable ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM used by other microcontrollers at the time.
AVR microcontrollers used in the Arduino board designs.
The 8-bit Arduino used in this project is Atmega328p.
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7. Atmega328p :
Arduino/Genuino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328p
It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs).
6 analog inputs are also available for input or output.
Atmega328p runs at a 16 MHz clock cycle.
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8. Arduino is a open source electronics community.
It focuses on using microcontrollers in advance electronics by building microcontroller boards.
These boards uses AVR series microcontrollers for processing and controlling.
You can blink an LED or control an servo motor or even send or receive your twitter messages.
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9. PIR Sensor
A Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view.
They are used for detection within the range 5m to 12m.
The sensor contains pyroelectric material inside, which when exposed to infra- red waves generate a signal.
They are one of the most complicated sensors used, this is because its output is dependent upon many parameters.
They are most often used in PIR-based motion detectors.
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10. The buzzer used in this case is a piezoelectric buzzer.
Buzzer is a small electrical device that makes a buzzing noise and is used for signalling.
Typical buzzers may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric.
The buzzer used in this case is a piezoelectric buzzer.
The buzzer is provided with small current which oscillates them to produce the typical buzzing sound.
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11. LED (Light emitting diode):
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source.
It is a p–n junction diode, which emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons.
This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor.
An LED is often small in area (less than 1 mm2) and integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern
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12. Unlike them the Arduino software is an all-in-one design.
Software used:
Microcontrollers mostly use different software's from compiling code or to creating a ‘hex file’ till making its PCB( Printed Circuit Board ).
Unlike them the Arduino software is an all-in-one design.
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino Software (IDE) - contains a text editor for writing code, a graphic window (Serial Monitor), a text console, a toolbar with buttons for compiling the code .
Also, it connects to the Arduino hardware to upload programs and communicate with them.
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13. Circuit Diagram:
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14. The devices will stay on as long as the person is in the room.
Working:
This system is based upon detection of IR( Infra Red ) rays which can be used in turn to switch on the lights or essential systems when someone enters the room.
The PIR sensor in this device detects the heat rays emitted by humans or any living being.
After detection the sensor inputs the signal to the microcontroller i.e. the Arduino board. The Arduino processes the data and sends an output command to all the electronic devices connected.
The devices will stay on as long as the person is in the room.
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15. Applications:
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16. Future Scope:
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17. Conclusion:
Home automation using IoT has been implemented vastly in different places but the dependency of these design on internet has enabled them the fail if they are not connected to the internet. Hence this project can be a break through design for home automation in the absence of internet connectivity
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18. Thank
You
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