1. Political Revolutions
** Caused by a government failing to meet the needs of the people!!!!

2. Glorious Revolution (England, 1688)
Causes
Effects
Magna Carta
Puritan Revolution
Established Parliamentary Democracy
Bloodless change of power
Rise of Limited/ Constitutional Monarchy
English Bill of Rights
Democratic Reforms

3. Political Philosophies Spur Revolution
Era of Absolutism-
Peter and Catherine the Great-
Akbar the Great-
Suleiman the Magnificent-
Louis XIV
Political system with ONE monarch: high taxes, strong military, NO LEGISLATIVE BODY
Enlightened Despot
Westernized Russia, gained warm-water ports
India, very tolerant of diverse religions
Ottoman Empire: modernized military and laws, Muslim
France: Palace of Versailles  bankrupt, divine right

4. Political Philosophies Spur Revolution
Enlightenment-
John Locke-
Voltaire-
Montesquieu-
Rousseau-
Intellectual movement focused on human logic and reason; change relationship btwn people and gov’t
NATURAL RIGHTS!!! People have right to overthrow gov’t if they’re not being met
Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly
Checks and Balances; 3 branches of gov’t; More people power
The Social Contract, believed in the will of majority

5. French Revolution (1789-1799) Causes Effects
Death of King  creation of democracy
Reign of terror
Rise of Napoleon  spread of nationalism  defeat by Russia’s geography
Congress of Vienna (balance of power)
Enlightenment
American Revolution
Absolute Monarchy
Rigid Estate (class) system
Economic Problems

6. Russian Revolution (Bolsheviks, 1917)
Causes
Effects
Absolute Monarch (Czar)
Russo-Japanese War and WWI
Bloody Sunday
Poor peasants
Lack of Industrialization
Rise of Communists (Bolsheviks)
Creation of a communist state (Soviet Union)
Persecution of Dissenters
Lenin’s New Economic Policy (some private ownership)  Stalin’s Five Year Plan (collectives and Increased industrialization)

7. Chinese Communist Revolution (1949)
Causes
Effects
Communist state under Mao Zedong  Great Leap Forward  Cultural Revolution
Equality of women
Deng Xiaoping- economic freedom (Four Modernizations) but not political (Tiananmen Square)
Foreign (Japan) Imperialism
Chinese Civil War
(Communist v. Nationalists)
- Communists win support of peasant and women

8. Iranian Revolution (1979) Causes Effects Corrupt Shah
-Islamic Fundamentalist Gov’t led by Ayatollah Khomeini
(Islamic Fundamentalism  movement that opposes Westernization and supports traditional Islam)
-U.S. Hostage Crisis
- Anti-Iraq, Anti-West, Anti-Secular (Secular = non-religious
Corrupt Shah
Anti-Western feelings
Rise in Islamic Fundamentalism