1. Skeletal System

2. Opener: How do you maintain strong bones throughout your life?
(Hint): There are two different things you need to do.
Remember to write at least three complete sentences.

3. Opener discussion

4. Skeletal functions, (notes)
Provides protection for vital organs
Produces blood cells
Stores minerals
Provides levers for movement
Provides framework allowing us to remain upright

5. Skeletal System Axial
Skull

6. Axial continued
Vertebra

7. Axial continued
Sacrum

8. Axial System, (notes) 80 bones Functions of the axial system include:
Protection of the brain
Protection of internal organ systems
Movement
Protection of the spinal cord
Organization of nerve bundles
Protection of reproductive organs

9. Appendicular System
Shoulder

10. Appendicular continued
Bones of the arm & hand

11. Appendicular continued
Bones of the legs

12. Appendicular System, (notes)
126 bones
Functions of the appendicular system include:
Movement
Grasping
Lifting
Sitting
Standing

13. Activity:
Draw your partners hand on a white piece of construction paper
Then draw in where you think the bones are
Identify the bones

14. Types of bones, (notes) Long: such as the femur or humerus
Short: such as found in the hands and feet
Flat: such as found in the skull and ribs
Irregular: such as found in the vertebra

15. Structure of the bone

16. Structure of bone continued

17. Structure of bone continued, (notes)
Periosteum: covering over bone which provides nourishment and development of osteocytes.
Spongy bone: Found in ends of bone where compression occurs.
Compact bone: Found in the center of the bone where strength is required.
Epiphysis: End of the bone where joints meet.
Diaphsis: The long portion of the bone.

18. Bone growth

19. Bone Growth, (notes) The majority of baby bones are actually cartilage
Ossification: When bones grow they change from cartilage to hard bone.
The majority of bone growth occurs while you are sleeping.
You can tell when you are done growing because your patella does not move from side to side as the growth platelet become solid and the cartilage has stiffened.

20. Skeletal Joints

21. Skeletal Joints continued, (notes)
Functions of the skeletal joints:
Articulation
Junctions between bones
Enable body to move
Bind skeleton together
Provide for bone separation during childbirth
Cushioned with synovial packets

22. Skeletal Joints continued

23. Types of Skeletal Joints, (notes)
Ball and socket: found in the hip/leg joints & the shoulder/arm
Hinge: found in the elbows and knees
Saddle: found in the thumbs
Gliding: found in the hands & feet
Pivot: found in the neck
Condloyd: found in the front of the neck

24. Skeletal Connective Tissue

25. Skeletal Connective Tissue continued, (notes)
Function of skeletal connective tissue:
Ligament connects bone to bone to provide structure and allow for movement.
Tendon connects muscle to bone and also allow movement.

26. Common Skeletal Injuries, (notes)
Bone break: take 6 months for all tissue to be replaced.
Sprain: painful swelling at the joint & small tears of the tissue.
Dislocation: joint has become out of place.
Tear of tendon: also takes a full 6 months to heal completely.

27. Diseases of the Skeletal System

28. Diseases of the Skeletal System, (notes)
Osteoporosis: Disease in which the number of osteocytes produced is significantly less than what dies off. Results in brittle bones which break easily.
Arthritis: Auto-immune disease where the immune system attacks the joints and causes inflammation.
Leukemia: Cancer of the white blood cells.
Scoliosis: Sideways curvature of the spine.
Bone cancer: Cancer of the osteocytes.
Rickets: Lack of vitamin D causes weakening of the bone tissue.