1. The Condition of Workers in the Garment Industry and How Our Ladaku Garment Mazdoor Sangh is Trying to Fight for their Rights
xkjesaV m|ksx ds dkexkjksa dh ifjfLFkfr vkSj gekjk yM+kdw xkjesaV et+nwj la?k dSls muds vf/kdkjsak ds fy, yM+us dh dksf’k’k dj jgk gSA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

2. Garment Industry in India fgUnksLrku dk xkjesaV m|ksx
Readymade garments exports in : 9 billion USD ( Rs 42,000 crore)
Major hubs of production - NCR, Mumbai, Bangalore, Tirupur and Ludhiana .
India’s largest garment exporter, Gokaldas Exports, Bangalore employs over 48,000 workers in 48 factories
2007 & 08 esa jsMhesM xkjesaV dh fu;kZr #- 42]000 djksM+
T;knkrj mRiknu bu bykdksa esa & fnYyh vkSj mlds bnZ fxnZ] eqEcbZ] csaxyq:] fr#iqj] yqf/k;kuk
fgUnksLrku dk lc ls cM+k fu;kZrd gS xksdqynkl ,DLiksVZ~l] csaxyq:] ftlds ikl 48 QWDVfj;ksa esa 48]000 odZj gSaA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

3. Garment Industry in India - 2 fgUnksLrku dk xkjesaV m|ksx & 2
In , when MFA was abolished:
No. of garment units in the country: 65000
Majority of factories in small scale
Only large units.
Industry employed 3.5 million people.
Total value of production: Rs crore; 80% for domestic market; rest exported
2004 & 05 esa tc eYVh Qk;~cj VªsM ,xzhesaV c[+kkZLr dh x;h] rc ns’k esa 65]000 xkjesaV ;wfuV
cgqla[; NksVs m|ksx
flQ+Z 30 & 40 cM+s ;wfuV
xkjesaV m|ksx esa 35 yk[k ls T+;knk dkexkj
dqy mRiknu dk ewY;% #-1]10]000 djksM+] ftl esa 80 Áfr’kr ns’k esa vkSj ckdh dk fu;kZr gksrk gSA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

4. Mumbai Garment Industry eqEcbZ xkjesaV O;olk;
No statistics available
Lakhs of workers and a few thousand factories
10-15 workers in small factories
500 – 700 in big ones
About 60% of the workforce is male and 40% female
lgh vakdM+sa miyC/k ugha gSaA
dqN yk[k et+nwj dke djrs gSa dbZ gtkj QWDVjh;ak esaA
NksVh QWDVjh;sak esa dke djusokys et+nwjksadh la[;k 10 ls 15
cMs+ QWDVjh;sak esa dke djusokys et+nwjksadh la[;k 500 ls 700
vuqeku ls djhc 60 Áfr’kr iq#"k vkSj 40 Áfr’kr vkSjras
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

5. Working Conditions dke dh gkyr
Many workers are not literate
Less space, maximum number of sewing machines
Ill ventilated
Hot
Badly lit
Because of all this …
vusd et+nwj i<+s fy[ks ughas gSaA
txg de] T+;knk ls T+;knk flykbZ e’hku
de gok
xehZ
de jks’kuh dh otg ls ---
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

6. Workers in Garment Industry Suffer from a Variety of Illnesses xkjesaV O;olk; esa dke djus okyksadks cgqrlh fcekfj;ak gksrh gS TB
Bach ache
Knee ache
Cough
Eye Problems
Early aging
Vh-ch-
ihB nnZ
?kqVuksadk nnZ
[kaklh
vk[kskadh fcekjh;k¡
cq<+kik tYnh vkuk
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

7. Tirupur fr#iqj
Biggest hosiery garments production center
Employs 400,000 workers regularly; additional 500,000 seasonally; most of them women and teenager girls
Turnover of Rs 10,000 crore
ns’k dk lc ls cM+k gksft+;jh] ;kfu fd eksts] b- dk mRiknu dsanz
fu;fer rkSj ij 4 yk[k et+nwj vkSj lh>u esa vkSj 5 yk[kA bu esa cM+h ek=k esa efgyk vkSj ukStoku yM+fd;ak
#- 10]000 djksM+ dk dkjksckj
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

8. Tirupur dowry earning scheme fr#iqj esa ngst dekus dh ;kstuk
An advertisement by Tirupur producer:
“ Golden opportunities for working women – eight, ninth and tenth pass or failed. We provide food and accommodation. After three years, we pay Rs 70,000.”
,d fr#iqj mRiknd }kjk Ádkf’kr fd;k x;k vWM & **8oh] 9oh ;k 10oh ikl ;k Qsy dkexkj efgykvksa ds fy, lqo.kZla/khA ge [kkus dh vkSj jgus dh O;oLFkk djrs gSaA 3 lky ckn ge #- 70]000 nsrs gSaA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

9. Tirupur dowry earning scheme - 2 fr#iqj esa ngst dekus dh ;kstuk & 2
Gullible parents send their ‘marriageable’ daughters to earn a dowry – called ‘Sumangal Scheme’
Girls of years brought in as apprentices for 3 years and after that thrown out
cspkjs eak ckiksaus bl rFkkdfFkr lqeaxy Ldhe ls ngst dekus ds fy, viuh yM+fd;ak Hkst nhA
15 ls 18 lky ds yM+fd;ksa dks vÁsafVl ds rkSj ij j[kk x;k vkSj 3 lky ckn mUgsa ckgj Q+sadk x;kA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

10. ,d ,d :e esa 20 & 20 dks Bwlk tkrk gS
Tirupur thrives on bonded women labour fr#iqj esa ca/kqvk efgyk et+nwjksa dk vfr’kks"k.k
Housed 20 to a room and treated like bonded labour
Paid Rs 34/day for first six months; increment of Rs 2 for every six months; Rs 450 – 550 deducted for boarding and lodging
Contact with parents restricted
,d ,d :e esa 20 & 20 dks Bwlk tkrk gS
igys 6 efguksa esa nSfud osru ek= #- 34 gksrk gSA gj 6 efguksa ds ckn #- 2 dh c<+r
ml esa [kkus vkSj jgus ds uke ij #- 450 & 500 dh dikr
Ekak ckiksa ds lkFk laidZ ij fucZa/k
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

11. Bangalore csaxyq: xkjesaV odZj dk ekfld osru vkSlru flQ+Z #- 3500
Average income of garment worker – only Rs 3500/month
Roughly 80% workers are women of 21 to 25 years age
Most semi-skilled migrant workers and sole earning members of family
xkjesaV odZj dk ekfld osru vkSlru flQ+Z #- 3500
rdjhcu 80 Áfr’kr efgyk dkexkj ftudh mez 21 vkSj 25 lky ds chp gksrh gSA
bu esa vf/kdre fuedq’ky xako ls vk;s gq, et+nwj tks ifjokj ds vdsys dekusokys gksrs gSaA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

12. Working Conditions dke djus dh ifjfLFkfr
Physically demanding work,
Impossible targets of garments an hour set as against the normal rate of pieces.
Made more punishing by the verbal harassment to goad women to work faster and longer hours, often skipping lunch to meet their targets.
dM+s ifjJe okyk dke
Áfr ?kaVs 100 ls 120 xkjesaV ds vlEHko VkxsZV j[ks tkrs gSa] tc dh lk/kkj.k rkSj ij 60 ls 70 cukuk eqefdu gksrk gSA
blds Åij vkSj rst j¶+rkj ls vkSj T+;knk ?kaVksa rd dke djokus ds fy, mu ij ’kkfCnd geys gksrs gSaA VkxsZV gkfly djus ds fy, dbZ ckj mUgsa viuk [kkuk ihuk Hkwy tkuk iM+rk gSA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

13. Health LokLF;
Eighty percent of TB patients registered with ESIC are garment workers exposed to cotton fluff
Half the workers, in a study, complained of backache and breathing problems
Apart from this they also have neck pain and knee pain
ESIC ds lkFk ftrus Vh- ch- is’akV dh uksan.kh gqbZ gS] mu esa 80 Áfr’kr xkjesaV et+nwj gSa] ftu ds dke dh txg ij okrkoj.k esa ges’kk /kkxs jgrs gSaA
,d v/;;u ds vuqlkj vk/ks et+nwjksa dks ihB esa nnZ vkSj lakl dh leL;k,a gksrh gSaA
bl ds vykok xnZu vkSj ?kqVuksa ds nnZ Hkh gksrs gSaA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

14. Afraid to report injuries pksV fjiksVZ djus dk Mj
Injuries are common, especially puncture wounds from needles on the fingertips and nails
Afraid to report injury as she may be declared unfit and thrown out
pksV yxuk vke ckr gS] [kkl djds maxfy;ak vkSj uk[kwuksa dks lqbZ vkjikj tkus ls pksV igqaprh gSA
Ysfdu mldk fjiksVZ djuk [krjukd gS] D;wafd mlds cgkus mUgsa fudkyk tkrk gSA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

15. Absence of Facilities lqfo/kkvksa dk vHkko
Absence of toilets generally; if they exist are unbearably dirty
Supervisor keeps track on number of toilet breaks a worker takes
Long hours of sitting and very little water intake to avoid going to toilet causes constipation and piles
Anaemia among women garment workers and complaints of gastric ulcers are very common.
vke rkSj ij ’kkSpky; ugha gksrs gSaA vxj gksrs Hkh gS rks cgqr gh xansA
,d et+nwj fdrus Vk;ysV cszd ysrh gS] bldk Hkh fglkc lqiokZbt+j j[krk gSA
vusd ?akVksa rd cSBuk vkSj cgqr de ikuh ihuk] ftlls Vk;ysV tkuk u iM+s] bldh otg ls dCt vkSj cokflj dh fcekfj;ak gks tkrh gSaA
Efgyk xkjesaV et+nwjksa esa jDrghurk vkSj isV ds vYljksa dh fcekfj;ak cgqr T+;knk gSaA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

16. Wages / Income ixkj @vkenuh
Most workers do not receive fixed wages but work on piece rate
There are two categories of workers in the garment industry:
Those who work on piece rate like tailors, pressmen, button operators
Those who work on fixed wages like helpers, checkers, thread cutters, masters
Their work depends on the season. When there is work they get paid. When there is no work, they get no pay.
T+;knkrj et+nwjksadk isesaV fQDLk ugh gksrk cfYd ihl jsV ij gksrk gSA
xkjesaV m|ksx es nks dWVsxjh ds odZj gksrs gSaA ,d esa Vsyj] izslesu] dkt cVu vkWijsVj ihl jsV ij dke djus okys gksrs gSaA rks nwljs esa gsYij] psdj] /kkxk dVj] ekLVj vkfn fQDLk osru ij gksrs gSA
Lkht+u ds eqrkfcd mudks dke jgrk gSA tc dke jgsxk rks osruA dke ugha rks osru ughaA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

17. Hopeless Economic Conditions [k+jkc vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr
12 – 15 hours of work
Weekly payment
No extra payment for overtime
Always under pressure to produce more
This is an easy way to over exploit the workers
Their income and economic conditions are always poor
12 ls 15 ?kaVs dke
isesaV g¶+rs dkA
vksoj Vkbe dk T;knk osru ugh nsrs A
gj le; T+;knk ÁksMD’ku dk ncko A
;g ’kks"k.k dk vklku Rkjhdk xkjesaV ekfyd viukrs gSA
et+nwjksa dh vkenuh vkSj mudh vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr ges’kk [kjkc jgrh gSA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

18. Violation of Minimum Wages Act U;wure osru dkuwu dk mYya?ku
The government was forced to pass the Minimum Wages Act for garment workers.
Maaliks pay less than the minimum wages.
For example, for July – December 2008, workers should have been paid at least Rs.4300 per month. But the garment maaliks used to pay only Rs.1800 – Rs.3000 per month.
xkjesaV m|ksx ds fy, ljdkj dks U;wure osru dkuwu ikl djuk iM+kA
ml ls de osru xkjesaV ekfyd et+nwjksadks nsrs gSaA
mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij tqyS ls fMlsEcj 2008 ds fglkc ls et+nwjksadks de ls de 4300 #i;s feyuk pkfg;s] ysfdu xkjesaV ekfyd 1800 #i;ksa ls 3000 #i;ksa rd gh osru nsrs FksaA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

19. Minimum Wages for Garment Industry xkjesaV m|ksx ds et+nwjksa ds fy, fdeku osru
From 1 Jan 2009, Rs/mo. for Zone 1 (Mumbai, Bangalore, etc.)
Skilled:
Semi-skilled: 4933
Unskilled:
Tkkusokjh 2009 ls fdeku ekfld osru] >ksu 1 ds fy, ¼eqEcbZ] csaxyq:] b-½
dq’ky & #- 5033
fuedq’ky & #- 4933
vdq’ky & #- 4833
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

20. Effect of International Market vUrjkZ"Vªh; ckt+kj dk izHkko
Indian garment industry is affected due to the global recession
Reduced exports led to reduced work
International buyers place orders wherever the price is lower
So maaliks pressurize workers to work at lower piece rates, or reduce the workforce or close their companies
Ckkt+kj es vUrjkZ"Vªh; eanh ls xkjesaV m|ksx ij mldk vlj iM+rk gS A
,DliksVZ de ;kuh dke deA
vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikjh] ft/kj de jsV esa mRiknu djus ds fy;s rS;kj gSa] m/kj gh vkWMZj nsrs gSaA
blfy;s ekfyd de jsV eas dke djus ds fy;s ncko M+kyrk gS] ;k et+nwjksadh NaVuh djrk gS] ;k fQj daiuh can djrk gSA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

21. chMh m|ksx ds ckn ;g dukZVdk dk lc ls T+;knk et+nwjksa okyk m|ksxA
Effect of global recession on Bangalore garment industry csaxyq: ds xkjesaV m|ksx ij eanh dk ÁHkko & 1
Largest employment provider next to Beedi industry in Karnataka;
2900 factories in Karnataka ; Bangalore has 2600.
New recruitment halted.
About 40, 000 workers laid off; 50 garment factories closed in the past 6 months.
chMh m|ksx ds ckn ;g dukZVdk dk lc ls T+;knk et+nwjksa okyk m|ksxA
dukZVdk esa 2900 QWDVfj;ak] ftl esa ls 2600 csaxyq: esa gSaA
Uk;h Hkjrh vc can gSA
fiNys 6 efguksa esa 50 QWDVfj;ksa dks can fd;k x;k vkSj 40]000 dkexkjksa dks ysvkWQ fn;k x;kA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

22. Effect of global recession on Bangalore garment industry - 1 csaxyq: ds xkjesaV m|ksx ij eanh dk ÁHkko & 2
Garment workers believe that unscrupulous apparel industry elements were blowing the global recession to cut down wages and benefits of workers.
Cutting down on overtime payments; others exploring the possibility of part time employment to its full time workforce.
xkjesaV dkexkjksa dk ekuuk gS fd dkexkjksa ds osruksa vkSj csusfQVksa esa dikr djus ds fy, eanh dks c<+k p<+kdj crk;k tk jgk gSA
vksojVkbe isesaVksa esa dikrA vkSj lksp jgs gSa fd Qqy Vkbe dkexkjksa dks ikVZ Vkbe ij j[kk tk,A
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

23. Effect of global recession on Bangalore garment industry - 2 csaxyq: ds xkjesaV m|ksx ij eanh dk ÁHkko & 2
To avoid workers’ unrest, factory owners cunningly announce the closure of the factory for a week citing some reasons or other and allow the workers to go on leave for this period, however when the workers report back after a week they found the factory closed and the owners missing
dkexkjksa dk la?k"kZ Vkyus ds fy, ekfyd dqN u dqN cgkus ij ,d g¶+rs ds fy, QWDVfj;ak can djrs gSa vkSj dkexkjksa dks ?kj tkus ds fy, yho nsrs gSaA tc dkexkj okil vkrs gSa rks os ikrs gSa fd QWDVfj;ak can gSa vkSj ekfyd x+k;c!
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

24. Government stimulus has done nothing to save jobs ljdkjh enn ls dksbZ Hkh ukSdjh ugha cph gSA
500,000 garment workers expected to lose job by the end of 2009
Many more indirectly associated with the textile industry will be affected.
,slk vuqeku gS fd 2009 ds vkf[kj rd 5 yk[k xkjesaV dkexkj ukSdjh [kks nsaxsA
ml ls dbZ T+;knk] tks vÁR;{k :i ls xkjesaV m|ksx ls tqM+s gq, gS] muds Åij Hkh ÁHkko iM+sxkA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

25. What more do employers want? - 1 ekfyd vkSj D;k pkgrs gSa\ & 1
Demands put forward by CMAI in their Pre-budget Memorandum 2009
a) Increase Working Hours 10 Hrs./Day/Shift,
totaling to 60 Hrs./Week/Shift .
b) Permit Employment of Female Workers in the entire Second Shift.
DyksfFkax eWU;wQWDpjlZ vWlksfl,'ku vkWQ bafM;k dk ctV iwoZ eakxi=
1- dke ds ?kaVs c<+kdj Áfr fnu Áfr f'k¶V 10 ?kaVs] ;kfu fd Áfr g¶+rk Áfr f'k¶V 60 ?kaVs
2- iwjh nwljh f'k¶V esa efgyk et+nwjksa dks dke djus dh bt+kt+r
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

26. What more do employers want? - 2 ekfyd vkSj D;k pkgrs gSa\ & 2
c) Permit Contract Employment in this Industry with a Guaranteed Employment of a Minimum of 100 Days in a Year.
d) Declare GARMENT INDUSTRY as an ESSENTIAL SERVICE INDUSTRY.
This will help curb flash strikes (Especially in Export Industry when
Production is at its Peak ).
3- bl m|ksx esa da=kVh dke dks bt+kt+r] Áfr lky de ls de 100 fnu dke dh xkjaVh lfgrA
4- xkjesaV m|ksx dks vko';d lsok m|ksx djkj dj nks] rkfd dkexkj ¶yW'k LVªkbd ij u tk ldsa ¼[kkl dj fu;kZr m|ksx esa] tc mRiknu lc ls T+;knk gksrk gSA½
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

27. Conditions in short - 1 ifjfLFkfr & la{ksi esa & 1
Garment worker is highly exploited,
Wages are low
Hours of work are long, at least hours a day
Forced overtime at no extra pay rate! If refused, unjust dismissal follows
xkjesaV et+nwj vfr'kks"k.k dk f'kdkj
osru de gksrk gS
dke ds ?kaVs T+;knk gksrs gS] de ls de Áfr fnu 10 ls 12
t+cjnLrh ls vksojVkbe djokrs gS] ftl esa osru dh nj T;knk ugha gksrh
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

28. Conditions in short - 2 ifjfLFkfr & la{ksi esa & 2
No permanency and job security.
Non-existent social security benefits
Minimum wage requirements are flouted
He is always subjected to nasty, offensive talk. If he answers back, he is dismissed.
iekZusUlh ;k ukSdjh dh lqjf{krrk dk vHkko
lkekftd lqjf{krrk csusfQVksa dk vHkko
U;wure dkuwu dk mYya?ku
muds lkFk ges'kk viekkutud O;ogkjA vxj mUgksa us blds ckjs esa fu"ks/k O;Dr fd;k] rks mudks fudky nsrs gSaA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

29. Non implementation of laws - 1 dkuwuksa dk lh/kk mYya?ku & 1
The Maharashtra government had to pass the Minimum Wages Act in 1982, but it is rarely observed in practice.
All the Acts pertaining to the Provident Fund, Gratuity, ESIS (Employees’ State Insurance Scheme), Bonus, House Rent Allowance, Maternity benefits, etc. are violated.
The Factory Act is not implemented.
Workers are not granted annual leave of 21 days that is due to them.
egkjk"Vª ljdkj dks 1982 esa U;wure osru dkuwu ikfjr djuk iM+k] ysfdu mldk vdlj ikyu ugha gksrk
ih- ,Q~-] xzWP;qVh] bZ- ,l- vkbZ- ,l-] cksul] ?kj HkkMk HkRrk] ekr`Ro HkRrk] b- lc dkuwuksa dk mYya?ku gksrk gSA
QWDVjh vWDV dks ykxw ugha fd;k tkrkA
dkexkjksa dks gj lky 21 fnuksa dh Nqêh ugha nsrs] tks mudk vf/kdkj gSA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

30. Non implementation of laws - 2 dkuwuksa dk lh/kk mYya?ku & 2
They do not get double pay for overtime.
They are not made permanent.
They are made to work for longer than the 8 hours that is required by law.
Their jobs are always under threat
How do the maaliks manage to floout all the laws?
dkuwu ds fglkc ls mUgsa 8 ?kaVk dke djuk pkfg,] ysfdu ges'kk T+;knk djok;k tkrk gSA
mudh ukSdfj;ak ges'kk [krjs esa gksrh gSaA
Ekfydksa ds fy, lc dkuwuksa dk mYya?ku djuk dSls eqefdu gksrk gS\
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

31. No service proof lfoZl ÁwQ gh ugha!
The workers are not given appointment letters, or they are not given on the company letter head, or nothing is clearly mentioned on them.
The muster roll is maintained fraudulently. Actually the worker is supposed to sign, but that is not allowed by the maalik. He is arbitrarily marked present or absent.
et+nwj dks fu;qDrh i= ugha nsrs] ;k daiuh ds ysVj gsM ij ugha nsrs] ;k fQj ml esa Li"V dqN ugha fy[krsA
eLVj jksy >wBk gksrk gSA lgh ek;us esa dkexkj us ml ij nLr[kr djuh okfg,] ysfdu blds fy, ekfyd bt+kt+r ugha nsrkA mldks euekuh ls gkft+j ;k csgkft+j ekdZ fd;k tkrk gSA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

32. No service proof - 2 lfoZl izqQ gh ugha! & 2
The attendance card procedure is rarely followed. In some companies that give attendance cards, they don’t give them to the workers as they should, but write them on their own and keep them.
The name of the company is not mentioned either on the payment slip, muster roll, attendance card or identity card.
Workers often don’t even know the name of the maalik.
gkt+jh dkMZ ds ckjs esa Hkh cgqr gsjkQsjh gksrh gSA dbZ dEifu;ksa esa tgak os gksrs Hkh gSa] mUgsa dkexkjksa dks ugha nsrs] tSlsfd gksuk pkfg,A ekfyd [kqn mu ij fy[krs gSa vkSj vius ikl gh j[krs gSaA
isesaV fLyi] eLVj jksy] gktjh dkMZ ;k vk;MsafVVh dkMZ ij daiuh dk uke gh ugha gksrkA
dbZ ckj et+nwjksa dks ekfyd dk uke rd ekywe ugha gksrkA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

33. No service proof - 3 lfoZl izqQ gh ugha! & 3
Most maaliks don’t sign on the pay registers. Many give vouchers.
Many maaliks do not even keep payment registers, and even if they do, they keep two of them
So if we want to file a case, there is often no proof of the worker having ever worked there!
T;knkrj ekfyd is jsftLVj ij nLr[kr ugha djrsA dbZ rks flQ+Z Ogkmpj gh nsrs gSaA ekfyd isesaV jftLVj ugh j[krsA j[ksaxs rks nks rjg ds j[krs gaSA
vxj ekfyd ds f[kykQ+ dsl djuk Hkh gS] rks cgqr ckj dqN ÁwQ gh ugha jgrk fd og dkexkj dHkh ogak dke djrk Fkk!
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

34. Multiple companies - 1 cgqfo/k dEifu;ak & 1
5 different companies operate from the same shed though law does not permit.
Five musters are maintained.
Visiting cards in the name of five different companies.
Five pay registers but without the name of any company.
xSjdkuwuh rjhds ld ,d gh ’ksM esa 5 & 5 dEifu;ak gksrh gSaA
5 vyx eLVj j[ksa tkrs gSaA
5 vyx dEifu;ksa ds ukeksa ij fOgft++fVax dkMZ gksrs gSaA
5 is jsftLVj gksrs gSa] ysfdu mu ij dEiuh dk uke ugha jgrkA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

35. Multiple companies - 2 cgqfo/k dEifu;ak & 2
So the worker does not even know the name of the company of which he is an employee.
They keep changing the name of companies. In some cases, workers who work in the same place are shown as working in different companies.
The maaliks do this in order to escape paying legal dues.
bl Ádkj ls et+nwj dks ;gak rd irk ugha gksrk fd og ftl dEiuh esa dke djrk gS] mldk uke D;k gSA
,d gh txg ij dke djusokyss et+nwj vyx vyx txg ij dke djrs gSa ,sls crkrs gSaA
Ckkj ckj daiuhdk uke cnyh djuk] ,dgh txg ij dke djus okys et+nwjkasdks vyx vyx daiuhds odZj crk;k tkrk gS A
dkuwuh lqfo/kk nsus ls cpus ds fy;s ekfyd ;s djrs gSaA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

36. Outright cheating - 1 lh/kh /kks[kknM+h & 1
In some cases, a new worker is asked to sign on a blank piece of paper. Then if they unionize, their resignation is typed on it.
Some workers are asked to sign on resignation letters typed in English.
While taking the signature of the workers on payment, PF etc. they write the figures in pencil.
dbZ ckj dksjs dkxt++ ij u;s et+nwj dk nLr[k+r ysrs gaSA fQj vxj oksg ;qfu;u esa tqM+ tkrk gS rks mldk bLRkhQ+k ml ij Vkbi dj nsrs gSaA
dbZ et+nwjksa dks vaxzst+h esa fy[ks bLRkhQ+k i= ij nLr[kr nsus dks et+cwj djrs gSaA
osru rFkk izkWfOgMaV QaM b- ij et+nwj dk nLr[kr ysus ds oDr osru dk vkadM+k isfUly ls fy[krs gSaA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

37. Outright cheating - 2 lh/kh /kks[kknM+h & 2
They do not use a bound register.
Workers realize that they are being cheated, but what is the alternative? In most cases they are so desperate for a job that they join, regardless of everything.
ckÅaM fd;k jftLVj dk bLrseky ugha djrsA
et+nwj le>rs gSa fd muds lkFk /kks[kknM+h gks jgh gS] ij muds ikl fodYi D;k gS\
cgqr ckj mUgs ukSdjh dh bruh l[+r t+:jr gksrh gS fd bruk lc gksus ds ckn Hkh os ukSdjh ds fy, jkt+h gks tkrs gSaA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

38. Terror at the workplace dke dh txg ij vkrad
An atmosphere of terror is created within the workplace.
The maalik pays goons to keep hanging outside the factory to terrorize them.
Photos of various political leaders are hung from the walls to show the clout of the maaliks.
dke dh txg ij vkrad QSyk;k tkrk gSA
QWDVjh ds ckgj ekfyd iSlk nsdj 10 & 12 xqaMksa dks j[krk gSA
Ekkfyd fdruk rkdroj gS ;g fn[kkus ds fy, fofo/k jktuhfrd usrkvksa ds QksVks Vkax nsrk gSA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

39. Contractors used for permanent work iekZusaV Lo:i ds dke ds fy, da=kVnkjksa dk bLrseky
In the case of work of permanent nature, the maalik does not have the legal right to get it done through contract labour.
But a new worker is made to believe that he works for the contractor:
That is what he is told.
A particular person is hired to play the role of a contractor.
It is from his hands that the workers are paid.
It is he who supervises them.
iekZusaV Lo:i ds dke ds fy, da=kVh dkexkjksa dk bLrseky djus dk dkuwuu vf/kdkj ugha gSA
Yksfdu u;s dkexkj dks trk;k tkrk gS fd og da=kVnkj ds fy, dke dj jgk gS &
mldks ;gh crk;k tkrk gSA
da=kVnkj gh Hkwfedk vnk djus ds fy, ,d vkneh dks j[kk tkrk gSA
dkexkjksa dks osru mlhds gkFkksa ls feyrk gSA
ogh mudks lqiokZbt+ djrk gSA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

40. Contractors used for permanent work - 2 iekZusaV Lo:i ds dke ds fy, da=kVnkjksa dk bLrseky
There are workers who have worked for 25 years in the same company in this way, thinking all the time that they have been working for contractors!
They are made to believe that contract workers can’t unionize! 
,sls dkexkj gSa ftUgksa us 25 lkyksa rd blh rjhds ls dke fd;k gS] ;g lksprs gq, fd os da=kVnkj ds fy, dke dj jgs gSaA
mudks ;g Hkh trk;k tkrk gS fd da=kVh dkexkj gksus ds ukrs mUgsa ;wfu;u cukus dk vf/kdkj ugha gS!
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

41. The farce of the courtroom U;k;ky; dk ukVd
When the worker signs for a pay of Rs.500, the earlier column is left blank.
After he goes, “12” is added to it, so “proof” of him being paid Rs.12,500 is created.
In the court:
The lawyer of the maalik: Is this your signature?
Worker: Yes.
Lawyer: Then why are you complaining? You have been paid Rs.12,500!
Worker: No, I’ve not!
Lawyer: You are a liar!
Do the workers have a chance?
et+nwj ls gj rjhds dh pksjh djusokys ekfyd ds f[kykQ+ dkuwuh dkjokbZ djuk vklku ugha
Lkkykslky dslsl dksVZ esa pyrs & Ekt+nwwj rax gksdj ;k rks dsl NksM nsrk gS ;k rks ekfyd ls de ls de fglkc ysdj fudy tkrk gSA
et+nwj tc #- 500 ds osru ij nLr[kr djrk gS] rks mlds igys dkye esa dqN ugha fy[kk tkrkA
og tkus ds ckn ml esa **12** fy[krs gSaA bl rjg ls #- 12]500 ds osru dk **ÁwQ** cuk;k tkrk gSA
fQj dksVZ esa &
Ekfyd dk odhy & ;g rqEgkjh nLr[kr gS\
dkexkj & gak
odhy & rks fQj f’kdk;r D;wa dj jgk gS\ rq>s rks 12]500#i;s fn;s gSa!
dkexkj & ugha fn;s gSa!
odhy% >wBk dgha dk!
D;k vki dks yxrk gS fd dkexkjksa dks dksbZ pkUl gS\
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

42. Difficulties in forming and running unions ;wfu;u cukus esa vkSj pykus esa eqf’dysa
It is necessary to unionise the workers in the garment industry in order to improve their conditions.
As they do not have permanent jobs, it is very difficult to have a permanent union
Maaliks strongly oppose the formation of unions
If workers manage to form a union, they go all out to try to break it.
xkjesaV m|ksx ds et+nwjksa dh gkykr lq/kkjus ds fy;s ,drk vkSj ;wfu;u dh l[r t+:jr gSA
QWDVjh esa lgh ek;us ls dke djusokyh Ekt+nwjksadh LFkk;h ;wfu;u cukuk] iekZusaV ukSdjh u gksus ds dkj.k cgqr gh eqf’dy dke gSA
;wfu;u cukus dks ekfyd dh vksj ls cgqr T+;knk fojks/k gksrk gSA
vxj et+nwj fQj Hkh ;wfu;u cuk nsrs gSa] rks ;wfu;u rksM+us dh dksf’k’ks ’kq: gks tkrh gSaA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

43. For breaking the union - 1 ;wfu;u rksMus ds fy;s & 1
Giving lucrative posts or supervisory positions to members of the Union Committee
Trying to buy off union leaders themselves
Use of goons
Filing false with the help of the police to frighten workers into accepting less compensation and throwing them out
et+nwj desVh ds dqN esaclZ dks lqijokbZt+j ;k nwljk vPNk in nsuk
;wfu;u yhMj dks gh [kjhnus dh dksf'k'k djuk
xqMskadk bLrseky djuk
iqfyl ds lgkjs >qVs dsl nk;j djds] et+nwjksaes Mj iSnk djds de ls de eqvkot+k nsdj mudks fudky nsuk
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

44. For breaking the union - 2 ;wfu;u rksMus ds fy;s & 2
Some maaliks throw out the workers as soon as the union is formed and recruit new workers in their place.
Or they shift the factory to another location.
Or they change the name of the company.
dbZ ekfyd ;wfu;u cukrs gh et+nwjksa dks fudkyrs gSa vkSj mudh txg ij u;s et+nwjksa dh Hkjrh djrs gSaA
;k fQj QWDVjh nwljh txg ys tkrs gSaA
;k dEiuh dk uke cnyrs gSaA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

45. The Danger of Chamcha Unions pepk ;wfu;uksa dk [krjk
It is unfortunate that there are unions which are hand in glove with the maalik. Workers have to watch out for them!
nqHkkZX; dh ckr gS fd ,slh ;wfu;u gSa tks ekfydksa ds tsc esa gSaA dkexkjksa dks muls lko/kku jgus dh t+:jr gSA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

46. The role of the state / government jkT; @ ljdkj dk joS;k
The state or government never come forward to protect the rights and livelihood of the workers.
They invariably protect the interests of the maaliks.
They try to prevent the workers from organising and try to keep them deprived of their legal rights.
jkT; ;k ljdkj dHkh Hkh et+nwjksa dh j{kk djus rFkk muds jkst+h jksVh ds gDd vkSj lqj{kk ds fy;s vkxs ugha vkrsA
os ekfyd oxZ ds fgrkas dh gh j{kk djrs gSaA
Ekt+nwjksa dks laxfBr gksus ls vkSj mudsk dkuwuh vf/kdkjksa ls oafpr j[kus dh dksf’k’k djrs gSaA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

47. How does our union – Ladaku Garment Mazdoor Sangh - work?
gekjh ;wfu;u & yM+kdw xkjesaV et+nwj la?k & dSls dke djrh gS\
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

48. When a new unit joins our Union … tc u;k ;wfuV gekjh ;wfu;u esa vkrk gS ---
We find out all the details about the factory and the company:
When the factory was established
How many units the company has
How many workers it employs
What it pays them, etc.
How much profit it makes.
All the laws that the maalik has been violating.
ge QWDVhjh vkSj dEiuh dh lkjh tkudkjh gkfly djrs gSa &
QWDVhjh dh LFkkiuk dc gqbZ
dEiuh ds fdrus ;wfuV gSa
ml esa fdrus dkexkj gSa
dEiuh fdruk osru] b- nsrh gS
Ekkfyd dkSuls lkjs dkuwuksa dk mYya?ku dj jgk gS
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

49. Creating proof of employment ukSdjh dk ÁwQ cukuk
Essential first step which must be done in secret
We tell the workers to:
Have photos taken with the manager
Tell their friends and relatives to send them letters at the factory address
Open bank accounts on the company address
Take out Xerox copies of vouchers, chalans, letters – anything that they manage to get.
;g ,d vko’;d igyk dne gS] ftldks xqIr rjhds ls mBkuk csgn t+:jh gSA
ge dkexkjksa dks ;g lc djus dks dgrs gS &
eWustj ds lkFk [kqn dk QksVks f[kapok yks
vius ifjtuksa dks vkSj nksLrksa dks QWDVjh ds irs ij rqEgsa [kr fy[kus dks cksyks
dEiuh ds irs ij c¡d ,dkmaV [kksyks
vyx vyx Ogkmpj] pyku] i= & tks Hkh feyrk gS mlds >sjkDl fudky ds vius ikl j[kks
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

50. On a parallel track … mlds lkFk LkkFk & 2
Then we ask them to send their report to us.
The maalik is given a memo, issued a show cause notice and a criminal case is lodged against him.
At this stage most maaliks agree to pay, because if they plead guilty, the fine is less.
fQj ge mUgsa gesa fjiksVZ Hkstus dks dgrs gSaA
blds ckn ekfyd dks eseks vkSj ’kks dkWT+k uksfVl nh tkrh gS vkSj mlds f[kykQ+ QkSt+nkjh dsl cuk;h tkrh gSA
bl eqdke ij T+;knkrj ekfyd iSlk ns nsrs gS D;wa fd xqugxkjh nyhy dk rks t+qekZuk de gksrk gSA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

51. Over and above all this … dHkh dHkh blds vkxs Hkh tkuk iM+rk gS ---
Many times we also go in full strength to the factory, and organize demonstrations outside the maalik’s home.
This is very effective, because it becomes a question of his izzat.  
We take along workers from other units as well to build up their solidarity and morale.
cgqr ckj ge iwjh rkdr ls QWDVjh ds lkeus vkSj ekfyd ds ?kj ds lkeus Hkh fun’kZu djrs gSaA
;g cgqr vljean gksrk gS D;wa fd bl ls ekfyd ds bT+t+r dk loky curk gSA
ge et+nwjksa dh ,drk vkSj eukscy c<+kus ds fy, vkSj ;wfuVksa ds dkexkjksa dks Hkh bl esa ’kkfey djkrs gSaA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

52. How we deal with dishonest and corrupt officers ge csbeku vkSj Hkz"V vQ+ljksa ds lkFk ,slk djrs gSa ---
Some of them try to pull a fast one: – “How can we go and do as you say? The maalik will not let us.”
We tell them that they have a right to carry out inspections, and that they can take the police with them if necessary.
We chase slippery officers them till they fall in line.
We always go to meet them with many workers.
bu esa ls dbZ gesa cq)w cukus dh dksf’k’k djrs gSa & **ge vki ds dgus ds eqrkfcd dSls dj ldrs gSa\ ekfyd gesa djus ugha nsxkA**
ge mUgs crkrs gSa fd mUgsa takp djus dk vf/kdkj gS vkSj vxj os pkgrs gSa rks iqfyl dks lkFk ys ldrs gSaA
tc rd gekjk dguk os ekurs ugha] rc rd ge vQ+ljksa ds ihNs yxs jgrss gSaA
ge muls feyus ds fy, ges’kk cgqr lkjs odZjksa dks ys tkrs gSaA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

53. How we deal with dishonest and corrupt officers (2) ge csbeku vkSj Hkz"V vQ+ljksa ds lkFk ,slk djrs gSa ---
Sometimes we tell an officer clearly that if he doesn’t follow the procedure then we would lodge an official complaint.  
If we hold a demonstration against a particular officer, it does not look so good on his record and affects his chances. That is why they fall in line.
We have even held demonstrations outside the Labour Commissioner’s Office. So we have won a reputation and people do not trifle with us.
ge dHkh dHkh mudks lh/kk crkrs gSa fd vxj mlus mfpr ÁfØ;k dk ikyu ugha fd;k rks ge vf/kÑr f’kdk;r nt+Z djsaxsA
vxj fdlh fof’k"V vQ+lj ds f[kykQ+ fun’kZu gksrk gS rks og mlds jsdkMZ ij vPNk ugha fn[krk vkSj mlls mudks uqdlku gksrk gSA blhfy, os ckr ekurs gSaA
geus ;gak rd fd Je vk;qRd ds vkfQl ds lkeus fun’kZu fd;s gSaA gekjh [;kfr cu x;h gSA blhfy, yksx gekjs lkFk [ksy ugha [ksyrsA
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

54. Types of educational activities vyx vyx Ádkj ds ’kS{kf.kd miØe
About their rights won by previous generations after bitter struggles and which are now under severe attack
How to fight for them
Teach them about the strength of unity: “An attack on one is an attack on all!”
Practical lessons about the above: the importance of joint demonstrations against the maalik
gekjs cqt+qxksZa us dM+s la?k"kksZa ds ckn tks vf/kdkj thrs gSa vkSj ftuds Åij vc cM+s geysa gks jgs gSa] blds ckjs esaA
muds fy, dSls yM+uk pkfg,A
mUgsa ,drk dk egRo le>kuk & ,d ds Åij geyk ;kfu lc ds Åij geykA
mlhds ckjs esa ÁWfDVdy f’k{kk & ekfyd ds f[kykQ+ la;qDr fun’kZu dk egRo
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

55. Developing a new vision ,d u;k ut+fj;k fodflr djuk
Teaching them about their worth and the worth of the working class.
Workshops and discussions on various issues – economic, political, etc.
The vision of our members has to be broadened:
Should we workers spend all our lives fighting for crumbs?
Can’t we aspire for and work for a society where those who work will be the masters? 
muds vkSj lewps et+nwj oxZ ds egRo ds ckjs esa mUgsa ,glkl fnykuk
vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd] b- fofo/k fo"k;ksa ds Åij dk;Z’kkyk, pykuk
gekjs lHkklnksa dk ut+fj;ak fodflr djus dh t+:jr gS
D;k ge dkexkjksa us iwjh ft+anxh nks pkj dkSfM;ksa ds fy, yM+us esa fcrkuh pkfg,\
D;k ge ,sls lekt ds fy, ugha yM+ ldrs] ftlds ge ekfyd gksa\
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium

56. /kU;okn!
Thank You!
2 Aug 2009
LRS, KEC TISS Symposium