1. 2.10 Organic Chemistry Alcohols .1 Connector
a. give examples of, and recognise, molecules that contain the alcohol functional group.
b. demonstrate an understanding of the nomenclature and corresponding structural, displayed and skeletal formulae of alcohols, and classify them as primary, secondary or tertiary
Connector
Draw the displayed and skeletal formulae of ethanol, propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol
Draw the displayed and skeletal formulae for the FOUR isomers of butanol, and name them.
Crowe2009

2. butan-1-ol
butan-2-ol
2-methylpropan-1-ol
2-methylpropan-2-ol

3. Types of alcohols
There are three structural types of alcohols. Look at the structures below and identify what feature characterises each type:
Primary alcohol
Secondary alcohol
Primary alcohol
Tertiary alcohol

4. Alcohols may be primary, secondary or tertiary. RCH2-OH R2CH-OH R3C-OH
Alcohols - CnH2n+1OH
Alcohols may be primary, secondary or tertiary.
RCH2-OH R2CH-OH R3C-OH
1o o o
Primary alcohols have at least two H atoms attached to the carbon atom joined to the hydroxyl group.
Secondary alcohols have two alkyl groups attached to the carbon atom joined to the hydroxyl group.
Tertiary alcohols have three alkyl groups attached to the carbon atom joined to the hydroxyl group.

5. Ethanol
Ethanol is drinking alcohol, draw its structure, and write a word and symbol equation for how it has been made for centuries.
glucose ethanol carbon dioxide
C6H12O C2H5OH CO2
C6H12O C2H5OH CO2
Note: Alcohols are important industrial organic compounds. They are used as solvents and as precursors in the synthesis of other organic compounds.

6. Practical 2.12 Reactions of alcohols
Each group of students will need:
Access to:
Butan-1-ol HARMFUL, FLAMMABLE,
Ethanol HIGHLY FLAMMABLE, HARMFUL
Methanol HIGHLY FLAMMABLE, TOXIC
Pentan-1-ol HARMFUL, FLAMMABLE, HARMFUL
Propan-1-ol HIGHLY FLAMMABLE, IRRITANT
Sodium, 2 mm cubes HIGHLY FLAMMABLE, CORROSIVE
0.1 M sodium dichromate(VI) TOXIC SOLUTION, SKIN SENSITISER
1.0 M sulfuric acid IRRITANT
Full-range Indicator HIGHLY FLAMMABLE solution
Eye protection
Bunsen burner and heat- resistant mat
Full rack of test tubes and boiling tubes
Test tube holder
Small evaporating basin
Dropping pipette
UI paper
Note: UI soln gives unexpected colours with alcohols, but can be used to show miscible or immiscible.
Test alcohol on UI paper