1. Fossil Fuels and Biofuels What are they? And what is the difference?
Renewable & Non-renewable energy

2. Renewable Energy
Renewable energy are sources of natural products that can be naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as Solar, Wind, rain, tides, waves, waste & compost, and geothermal heat.
The website below shows information on renewable energy within Australia
What are the 12 principles of green chemistry?

3. Biofuels
Biofuels are produced from renewable sources such as crops rather than from fossils fuels. Biofuels are classified as renewable sources of fuels because they can be continually produced from crops, algae or animal wastes. The two main biofuels currently in Australia are ethanol and biodiesel. Ethanol is only used in Australia as a fuel additive E10, which is a mixture for unleaded fuel and 10% ethanol.
Please read the handout and answer the following questions
Q1. why are biofuels produced? Q2. what other important fuel is produced and used that is not a biofuel? Q3. Name the two types of chemical reactions through which ethanol is produced? Q4. write the half reactions for the fermentation of glucose to ethanol and water(label oxidation/reduction) Q5. draw a diagram showing the production of biodiesel using ethanol instead of methanol. Q6.

4. Non-renewable energy
Energy sources are classified as nonrenewable if they cannot be replenished in a short period of time. Most non-renewable energy sources are fossil fuels: coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Carbon is the main element in fossil fuels. Non-renewable fossil fuels (crude oil, natural gas, coal, oil shales and tar sands) currently supply Australia with more than 95 percent of our electrical energy needs. Non-renewable energy is energy produced by burning fossil fuels such as coal.

5. Fossil Fuels There are five main fossil fuels:
Coal is a flammable black or brown organic sedimentary rock. It’s mostly carbon and is typically found as layers (coal beds) or veins (coal seams). 
Natural gas is a combustible mix of hydrocarbon gases. It’s colourless and consists mainly of methane (CH4). ‘Conventional gas’ is easily extracted; ‘unconventional gas’ requires more sophisticated extraction technologies. 
Oil is mostly known as crude oil or condensate, but includes all liquid hydrocarbon fossil fuels. Petroleum and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are the most common types of fuel obtained from oil extraction and refining. 
Petroleum is a liquid fuel made of hydrocarbons and other liquid organic compounds. It refers to both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oils and petroleum products made of refined crude oil.
Liquefied petroleum gas or LPG is heavier than natural gas. Although gaseous under normal atmospheric conditions, LPG is stored under modest pressures in its liquid form and so can be more easily transported and stored.
Investigate how long it would take to replenish the fossil fuels mentioned above.

6. What are the differences
As a group of four arrange the following words into categories of either Renewable or Non-Renewable words.
- biofuel - Combustion endothermic reactions equilibrium - exothermic reactions green chemistry - renewable reactant - Fossil Fuels ethanol biodiesel coal petroleum gas crude oil - hydrocarbons fractional distillation - Synthesis geothermal hydro electricity Natural Gas - transesterification – Liquefied petroleum - Greenhouse gas effect - Ocean acidity - biomass Cogeneration - Energy Conservation - Energy Efficiency - Wind Solar
As a group also state some valid arguments and explanations for why or why not? for the following statement “ Is biodiesel a better fuel than fossil diesel ”