1. Fuel Economy in Macedonia Policy prioritisation
Stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions from road transport trough doubling of global vehicle fuel economy: regional implementation of the Global Fuel Economy Initiative – GFEI
Fuel Economy in Macedonia Policy prioritisation
18-19 May 2016
Hotel “Romantik” Veles
Alex Körner

2. Content
FE policies which need to be transposed to Macedonian law when joining the EU:
CO2 emissions - Data collection, communication, monitoring (FE standards)
Vehicle type approval
Obligatory FE label for new cars
Useful FE policies independent from the process of joining the EU
Feebate scheme instead of eco-tax
Reformation of the annual registration tax towards a FE/emission based measure

3. EU FE policy requirements

4. 1. EU fuel economy standards
EU FE standards…
…are community wide corporate average standards:
This means that the weighted average CO2 emissions of all cars sold by a manufacturer (or a pool of manufacturers) need to be below a set target
Therefore, EU wide sales data of new cars by manufacturer, model etc. needs to be collected and reported to the Commission - Regulation 443/2009/EC

5. Regulation 443/2009/EC Data requirements
Annual collection, monitoring and communication of new sales by
Manufacturer
Type, variant and version;
Specific emissions of CO 2 (g/km);
Mass (kg);
Wheel base (mm); and
Track width (mm).

6. Regulation 443/2009/EC Data requirements
This means:
Part of the registration data needs to go public
The relevant institutions to collect and treat the data on a continuous basis need to be put in place
Additional data on vehicle mass and footprint needs to be collected
All collected data need to be in-line with reporting specifications – data need to be taken from Certificate of Conformity (COC)

7. Regulation 443/2009/EC Data template

8. Barriers with respect to EU FE standards
EU FE standards have no direct impact to the consumers – more efficient vehicles are forced to the market, the targets are not national targets, the manufacturers “bear the burden”
The necessary authorities to collect, monitor and communicate the data according to the EU requirements need to be established
 Necessary infrastructure for data collection needs to be established

9. 2. Vehicle type approval - Directive 2007/46/EC
New cars can only be registered if type approved in EU (otherwise, need to be checked by designated authority on a case by case basis)
Type approval includes EURO standards for pollutant emissions – since Sep 2014 only cars compliant with EURO VI can be type approved
Vehicle type approval can only be carried out at laboratories with certified know-how and equipment
Type approval certificate issued by one EU member state need to be recognized by all EU members, but can be challenged in case of doubt

10. Bodies and authorities involved in the type approval process
National type approval authorities (e.g. KBA in Germany) – national public authorities in charge of officially approving vehicles before they can be put on the EU market. Type approval is based on compliance tests performed by technical service or in-house.
Technical services (TUV, UTAC, IDIADA) – Testing facilities contracted by national authorities to conduct compliance test
Market surveillance authorities – national public authorities in charge of market surveillance to check that the products already available on the market are safe and not harmful to the environment
Source:

11. “VW diesel-gate” and type approval - consequences
National type approval authorities will face closer supervision by EU
Other member states will be enabled to recall vehicles type approved by another member state national laboratory
Car manufacturers will not continue to directly pay the technical service to conduct tests but national authorities need to pool funds from car manufacturers for that purpose
Source:

12. Barriers with respect to vehicle type approval
Specific equipment of the labs able to perform the numerous test for Whole Vehicle Type Approval
Unless there is mutual benefit with local car manufacturers, there is no need to have all the testing capacities
 The benefits of type approval processes taking place in Macedonia need to be investigates and compared to their costs

13. Vehicle labelling – Directive 1999/94/EC
In the EU it is obligatory to display vehicle fuel consumption and CO2 emission to the consumers
Label – on each car
Poster – giving an overview of new cars FE/CO2 emission
Guide on FE and CO2 emissions
Promotional material
Various examples exist – ranking of fuel efficiency based on absolute CO2/FE values (France) vs. relative values taking into account vehicle weight (Germany)

14. Barriers for FE labelling - enforcement
Most compliance issues arouse with the label itself and the promotional material
Responsibilities are scattered – different materials covered by different legislation
Source:

15. Labelling enforcement
Energy labelling can be enforced through the Market Surveillance Regulation (Regulation (EC) No 765/2008
 Creation of a market surveillance authority
Source:

16. Other useful FE policies

17. Vehicle taxation - State of the art 1. Eco-tax for used vehicle import
Target: Control condition of used imported cars
Currently, the import of used vehicles is taxed based on engine size
Problem: Tax levels are low with almost no progressive increase
< 1,500 cm³
1,500-2,500 cm³
> 2,500 cm³
40EUR
50EUR
60EUR

18. 2. Annual vehicle registration tax
Currently, different annual tax elements are based on engine size and power:
Cost element
Measure
Cost for 1800cm³/90kW car in EUR
Registration fee
Lump sum
3.2
Number plate
19.2
Road tax
Engine size
34.9
Communal tax
4.8
Eco tax
Power
2.7
Total
65.4

19. Combined proposal for discussion
Eco tax for import of used cars based on pollutant emission standard, with progressive increase for low EURO standards
Controls influx of used imported cars
One-off registration tax based on a feebate scheme
Controls the size and efficiency of newly registered vehicles
Can be designed as a cost neutral measure
Annual circulation tax based on CO2 and pollutant emissions
Stipulates the renewal of the existing fleet

20. Thanks