1. Documents, Amendments, and Ideas…Oh My!
Founding Principles
Documents, Amendments, and Ideas…Oh My!

2. Founding Fathers
Collective term for me like John Adams, John Jay, John Hancock, Benjamin Rush, Jonathan Trumball, Charles Carroll

3. 1776 Declaration of Independence was signed.
Mostly written by Thomas Jefferson in
Signed by members of the Continental Congress; Listed colonial grievances against King George III
And breaking from Britain; when our nation began

4. 1787
Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia and wrote a new government for the U.S.; The Constitution replaced the Articles of Confederation; Created strong central government and supreme law

5. Limited Government
Principle that powers of government are restricted by the Constitution.

6. Federalism
Power is divided between the state and national governments; limiting central power

7. Republicanism
Idea that voters hold the sovereign power and elect representatives to exercise power for them.

8. Checks and Balances
Idea that each of the three branches of government exercises some control over the others, sharing power among them.

9. Each branch of government has responsibilities and limitations
Separation of Powers
Each branch of government has responsibilities and limitations

10. Popular Sovereignty
Authority for government flows from the people and they rule through their representatives.

11. Alexis de Tocqueville
French political thinker who wrote Democracy in America and identified five values crucial to America's success as a democratic republic: (1) liberty (2) egalitarianism, (3) individualism, (4) populism and (5) laissez-faire.

12. Suffrage
Right to vote

13. United States Bill of Rights
Amendments 1-10
Guaranteed individual freedoms
Settled grievances listed in Declaration of Independence

14. Right to keep and bear arms
Amendment 2
Right to keep and bear arms 

15. Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
Amendment 1
Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.

16. Established prohibition Made alcohol illegal in the U.S.
Amendment 18
Established prohibition
Made alcohol illegal in the U.S.

17. Amendment 21
Ended Prohibition

18. Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures.
Amendment 4
Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures.

19. Freedom from excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishments.
Amendment 8
Freedom from excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishments.

20. Amendment 5
Right to due process of law, freedom from self-incrimination, double jeopardy.

21. No quartering of soldiers
Amendment 3
No quartering of soldiers

22. Passed after the Civil War (Reconstruction)
Amendment 14
guarantees rights as citizens, equal protection, due process; applies Constitution to the states
Passed after the Civil War (Reconstruction)

23. Powers reserved to the states.
Amendment 10
Powers reserved to the states.

24. Rights of accused persons, e.g., right to a speedy and public trial.
Amendment 6
Rights of accused persons, e.g., right to a speedy and public trial.

25. Direct election of senators
Amendment 17
Direct election of senators

26. Right of trial by jury in civil cases.
Amendment 7
Right of trial by jury in civil cases.

27. Limits a president to two terms; passed after FDR’s presidency
Amendment 22
Limits a president to two terms; passed after FDR’s presidency

28. Other rights of the people.
Amendment 9
Other rights of the people. 

29. Amendment 15 Establish black male suffrage;
Passed after the Civil War (Reconstruction)

30. Amendment 13 Abolished slavery in the United States
Passed after the Civil War (Reconstruction)

31. Abolished poll tax as a voting restriction Increased democracy
Amendment 24
Abolished poll tax as a voting restriction
Increased democracy

32. Gave women the right to vote Increased democracy
Amendment 19
Gave women the right to vote
Increased democracy

33. Provided for a federal income tax
Amendment 16
Provided for a federal income tax

34. Connected to military recruiting for Vietnam Conflict
Amendment 26
Reduced voting age to 18
Connected to military recruiting for Vietnam Conflict
Increased democracy