1. Developing Confidence through the Speech Planning Process

2. Public Speaking Apprehension
A type of communication anxiety; the level of fear a person experiences when anticipating or actually speaking in front of an audience
Symptoms—What do you feel?
Physical
Emotional
Mental

3. Notecard Activity Write your top three concerns when giving a speech.
Visual aids
Research
Content
Delivery

4. Phases of Public Speaking Apprehension
Anticipation reaction
Level of anxiety prior to giving a speech, including the nervousness felt while preparing and waiting to speak
Pre-preparation, preparation, pre-performance
Confrontation reaction
The surge in anxiety you feel as you begin your speech
Performance
Adaptation reaction
The gradual decline of your anxiety that begins about one minute into your speech, and results in your anxiety’s level declining to its pre-speaking level about 5 min in

6. Causes of Public Speaking Apprehension
Self talk: telling yourself you will fail!
Who here has said “I will fail.” And WHY!?
Biologically based temperament, also called “Communibiological Theory”
Introversion: shy or quiet
Extroversion : loud or outgoing
Neuroticism: anxious

7. Causes, cont. Previous experience
Modeling: Learning through watching
Reinforcement: Learning through reoccurring past experiences
Level of skills: Skill Deficit Theory
We don’t have the right tools yet!

8. Overcoming Public Speaking Apprehension
Communication orientation motivation (COM):
Techniques designed to reduce anxiety by helping the speaker adopt a “communication” rather than a “performance” orientation toward the speech.
Visualization
Develop a mental picture of yourself giving a successful speech

9. Systematic desensitization
Method that reduces apprehension by gradually having people visualize increasingly more frightening events.
Cognitive restructuring
Identify negative thoughts, consider their rationality, develop positive coping statements, incorporate positive statements into your life!

10. Speech Plan A strategy for achieving your goal
1. Select a specific speaking goal that is appropriate for the audience & occasion
2. Understand your audience and adapt to it
3. Gather and evaluate information to use in your speech
4. Organize and develop ideas into a well-structured speech outline
5. Choose visual and other presentational aids that are appropriate for the audience
6. Practice the speech wording and delivery

11. Step #1
Select a speech goal that is appropriate for the audience and the occasion—Audience analysis!
Speech Goal
A statement of what you want your listeners to know, believe or do
“I want my audience to understand how to shoot a jump shot.”
“I want my audience to have an appreciation for Ming Porcelain.”

12. Overcoming Public Speaking Apprehension Cont.
Specific techniques
Allow sufficient time to prepare
Refer to syllabus for speech days!
Practice your speech aloud
Use positive self-talk
Face the audience
Focus on your message

13. Reduce Anxiety-Write a Goal!
When writing you goals, ask yourself:
Who is my audience?
What does my audience need to know?
What context am I speaking in?
Where will the speech be given?
How long does it need to be?
How should I phrase my goal?

14. General and Specific General Goal: Less detailed
Specific Goal: Articulates exactly what you want your audience to know, understand, believe or do
General: I want to persuade my audience that lethal injection should be illegal.
Specific: I want to persuade my audience that lethal injection should be illegal by explaining the chemicals used, the recent botched executions that have occurred, and by discussing the amount of innocent people killed.

15. When creating goals… Understand your audience and adapt to it
Audience adaptation
The process of tailoring your speech’s information to the needs, interests, and expectations of your listeners
Provide basic information AND tailor to the attitudes of your audience

16. Outline it! Outlines Identify 3 or 4 major ideas
Main points are written in full sentences
Speeches are NOT essays
ALWAYS review your outline!