1. Review of Related Literature

2. A review of related literature is the process of collecting, selecting, and reading books, journals, reports, abstracts, and other reference materials. 
Summary of existing knowledge on the research topic
What does it mean?

3. CONTENTS Ground information about the problem and related.
Theories that explain the existence of the problem and the possible connection between certain factors and the problem
Data that confirms the existence and seriousness of the problem
General and specific findings of studies related to the problem
Recommendations for further study given in related studies

4. Why do you need to do Review of Literature?
It helps the researcher identify and define a research problem
It helps justify the need for studying a problem.
It prevents unnecessary duplication of a study
It can be a source of a theoretical basis for the study
Why do you need to do Review of Literature?

5. Why do you need to do Review of Literature?
It enables the researcher to learn how to conceptualize a research problem and properly identify and operationally define study variables
It helps formulate and refine research instruments
It provides lesson for data analysis and interpretation.

6. When to start doing Review of Related Literature?
While the research problem is still being conceptualized, the researcher must already start reviewing literature. In identifying and defining the research problem, the researcher must be able to show evidences that the problem really exists and is worth investigating.

7. When to start doing Review of Related Literature?
It is important that the researcher knows what is already known about the problem or what earlier researchers have found about it and what questions still need to be answered before the research questions or objectives are finalized.

8. When to start doing Review of Related Literature?
Theories which the researchers use to explain the existence of a research problem and used as bases in analyzing relationships between variables can be generated from reference books on theories or from related studies. The researcher therefore, must have already read adequate literature at the start of the research activity.

9. Materials Needed to be Reviewed:
General References
Indexes – print collection of current article locations arranged topically
Abstracts – contains a brief summary of each listed article
Databases – electronically searchable or machine readable indexes and abstracts

10. Materials Needed to Review
Primary Sources
Examples are researches found on published journals.
Secondary Sources
Publications where authors cite the works of others. Examples are books, encyclopedias. Secondary sources are good references for overview of the problem.
Online Resources
Internet and

11. Steps In Literature Review :
Review the precise definition of the research problem. Note the key variables specified in the study objectives and hypothesis.
Formulate “search terms” (key words or phrases)
Using indexes of general references, search for relevant primary and secondary sources guided by the search terms.

12. Steps In Literature Review :
List in a note of index card the bibliographical data of the pertinent information selected as follows:
a. author
b. title
c. name of publication
d. date of publication (include place and date)
e. pages of the article

13. Steps In Literature Review :
Read the selected reading materials, take note and summarize key points. Prepare a note card for easy retrieval and classification. In taking note, be as brief as possible but include all relevant information which you can use in your full review, such as : the problem, the objectives, and hypotheses, the major findings, and conclusions

14. How To Write Review Of Literature?
Introductory Part
Begin with brief introduction to the topic of interest and the significance of that topic
Researcher may suggest why he or she has a personal interest in the topic or why it is an important topic to the communication discipline, perhaps clarifying some theory or providing a solution to a practical problem

15. How To Write Review Of Literature?
Second Section
Generally the longest part, comes on different pattern depending on the information that has been collected
In this section researcher summarizes the previous knowledge, theory and research regarding the topic

16. How To Write Review Of Literature?
Final Section
This section is the critical evaluation of the state of current knowledge.
This is the synthesis of the previous section indicating questions and gaps that have yet to be resolved
The outcome of this section will be the formulation of a specific research problem (question or hypotheses) that the researcher will attempt to resolve in future investigation