1. F.E.PART – II BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING
PRESENTATION ON
BUILDING PLANNING

2. BUILDING PLANNING DEFINITION OF BUILDING: Building is a structure.
It is a shelter of permanent nature.
Used for human habitation and several other purposes.
TYPES OF BUILDINGS:
PRIVATE BUILDINGS (RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS)
Bungalows, flats or apartments, dormitories, chawls, rest houses.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Offices, banks, hospitals, temples, cinema theatres etc.
PLANNING – Pre-thinking and pre-arranging the things before an event takes place in order to get satisfactory results.

3. BUILDING PLANNING CONTD…
Art of designing functionally sound, convenient and also economically viable structure by skillfully arranging units of the building.
Simply constructing units/rooms of suitable dimensions will not produce comfortable, convenient and elegant structure.

4. BUILDING PLANNING CONTD…
The planning of various units should be such that it-
Satisfies completely the functional requirements of the owner and user,
Takes into account the future growth and future requirements and
Is structurally stable.
The structure not only looks elegant, but also proves to be economical in the long run by making best use of surrounding environment and locally available materials..

5. CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING – NOT A JOB OF SINGLE PERSON.
IT IS A TEAM WORK.
SEVERAL AGENCIES / PERSONNELS ARE INVOLVED – BUILDING INDUSTRY
BUILDING – A FINISHED PRODUCT OF BUILDING INDUSTRY

6. BUILDING / CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
AGENCIES INVOLVED IN BUILDING INDUSTRY:
OWNER
ARCHITECT - Responsible for functional design
CONTRACTOR
SITE ENGIEER
CIVIL ENGINEER – Responsible for execution of the work
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
SPECIALIST FIRMS
BUILDING SUPERVISOR
BUILDER
MATERIAL SUPPLIER
ARBITRATOR

7. PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING
When a person intends to construct a building he approaches an architect and assigns the work of preparing plans of the proposed building to him.
The architect considers the following points while planning.
Requirements of the Owner
Scope of the Building (Purpose)
Shape and Size of the Plot
Building Byelaws, Rules and Regulations & then….
Principles of Building Planning

8. PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD…
(1) Requirements of the owner:
The requirements of owner differ based on their profession.
In addition to the usual requirements of living room, kitchen etc.
A professor : Study room
Doctor : Dispensary.
Advocate : Office

9. PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD…
(2) The scope of the proposed building:
Scope - purpose of the building.
a residential building,
a hospital building,
a school building or bank building.
The facilities to be provided will be different for different types of buildings.
Accordingly the layout will be changed.
Different layouts for different buildings.
Compact layout – Bank Building / Residential Buildings
Spread up Layout – Public Buildings.

10. BUILDING LAYOUTS
SPREAD UP LAYOUT
COMPACT LAYOUT

11. PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD..
(3) Building Site:
(i) The planning and designing of buildings depends on
plot size and Shape.
PLOT
BUILDING
ROAD

12. PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD…
(3) Building Site Contd..:
(ii) General Configuration of ground (i.e. nature of the ground):
If the site/plot is sloping, then advantage of the slope is derived by providing car park.
The building will be on stilts and car park below it.
(iii) Nature of foundation:
The foundation rests on hard-strata.
If black cotton soil is there upto 3m depth, then it is beneficial to provide basement.

13. PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD…
(4) Building regulations and bye-laws:
The architect has to observe the rules framed by the local authority i.e.
Municipal Corporation
or Municipality.
Grampanchayat (District Collector)

14. PRINCIPLES OF BUILDING PLANNING
Then architect prepares design of a building with the help of the following principles of planning.
Aspect
Prospect
Privacy
Roominess
Grouping
Circulation
Furniture requirement
Flexibility
Sanitation
Elegance
Economy and practical consideration

15. SUN DIAGRAM NORTH WINTER WIND NO SUN W E WINTER SUN SUMMER SUN BREEZE
SUN SETS W E
SUN RISE
WINTER SUN
SUMMER SUN
BREEZE
SOUTH

16. SUN RAYS ADMITTED INTO KITCHEN
1. ASPECT
Disposition of doors and windows in the external walls – occupants can enjoy the gifts of the nature viz; sun-shine, breeze, veiw of landscape etc.
SUN RAYS ADMITTED INTO KITCHEN
ASPECT – EAST SIDE
KITCHEN
EAST SIDE

17. ASPECTS FOR DIFFERENT ROOMS
STUDY ROOM
STORE
STAIR CASE
NORTH
BED ROOMS
WEST
KITCHEN
EAST
LIVING,
VERANDAH
SOUTH

18. OUTSIDE GREENEARY CANNOT BE SEEN FROM INSIDE, HENCE NO PROSPECT
WINDOW AT HIGHER LEVEL
2. PROSPECT
OUTSIDE GREENEARY CANNOT BE SEEN FROM INSIDE, HENCE NO PROSPECT
OUTSIDE VIEW SEEN FROM INSIDE OF THE ROOM
FLOWER BED

19. WINDOW TAKEN TO LOWER LEVEL
PROSPECT CONTD…
WINDOW TAKEN TO LOWER LEVEL
OUTSIDE GOOD SCENES, GREENARY CAN BE SEEN BY SITTING INSIDE THE ROOM, HENCE GOOD PROSPECT
FLOWER BED

20. CONCEALING UNDESIRABLE VIEW
PROSPECT CONTD…
INSIDE OBSERVER
INSIDER OBSERVER
LARGE VIEW DESIRED
LESS VIEW DESIRED
CONCEALING UNDESIRABLE VIEW

21. EXPOSURE OF THE INTERIOR SPACE / ROOM TO THE VISITORS VISION
3. PRIVACY
EXPOSURE OF THE INTERIOR SPACE / ROOM TO THE VISITORS VISION
TYPES OF PRIVACY:
(1) PRIVACY OF ALL PARTS OF BUILDING WITH REFERENCE TO SURROUNDING BUILDINGS, ROADS ETC.
THIS TYPE OF PRIVACY CAN BE ACHIEVED BY--
GROWING PLANTS, TREES ETC
PROVIDING HIGH WINDOWS WITH RESPECT TO ROADS, GROUNDS ETC.
(2) PRIVACY OF ONE ROOM FROM ANOTHER ROOM:
THIS TYPE OF PRIVACY CAN BE ACHIEVED BY—
CAREFULLY POSITIONING OF DOORS & WINDOWS

22. PRIVACY DEPENDS ON PLACEMENT OF DOORS /WINDOW OPENINGS
OBSERVER
NO PRIVACY
MAX PRIVACY
OBSERVER
MODERATE
PRIVACY
OBSERVER

23. PRIVACY CONTD… INTERNAL PRIVACY CAN BE ACHIEVED BY PROVIDING CURTAINS
PROVIDING SCREENS
AVOIDING WINDOWS IN INTERIOR WALLS OF THE ROOM

24. 4. ROOMINESS
GETTING MAXIMUM BENEFIT FROM MINIMUM DIMENSIONS OR SPACE OF ROOM
RECTANGULAR SHAPED ROOM GIVES FEELING OF MORE SPACE THAN SQUARE SHAPED ROOM FOR THE SAME AREA
LESS AREA AVAILABLE
MORE AREA AVAILABLE

25. 5. GROUPING
ARRANGEMENT OF VARIOUS ROOMS IN RELATION WITH THEIRFUNCTIONS
GOOD GROUPING
KIT
LIVING
DIN
BED
STAIR
S.B.
IMPROPER GROUPING
KIT
LIVING
BED
DIN
STAIR
S.B.

26. HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION
HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION – PASSAGES, CORRIDORS, VERANDAHS ETC.
VERTICAL CIRCULATION – STAIRS, LIFTS, ESCALATORS ETC.
DOOR
DOOR
DOOR
BAD CIRCULATION
GOOD CIRCULATION
HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION

27. GOOD CIRCULATION WITH STAIR INSIDE BAD CIRCULATION WITH OUTSIDE STAIR
6. CIRCULATION CONTD…
VERTICAL CIRCULATION
STUDY
KIT
BED
VER
LIV N
STUDY
KIT
BED
VER
LIV
GOOD CIRCULATION WITH STAIR INSIDE
BAD CIRCULATION WITH OUTSIDE STAIR

28. 7. FURNITURE REQUIREMENT
FUNCTION OF THE ROOM DECIDES THE FURNITURE REQUIREMENT OF THAT ROOM
LIV HALL – SOFA SET, TEAPOY, TV CASE, SHOWCASE, DIWAN ETC.
BED – SINGLE, DOUBLE BEDS, DRESSING TABLE, ALMIRAH ETC.
DINING – DINNING TABLE, CHAIRS, CUPBOARDS ETC.
KNOWING TYPE OF FURNITURE THE DIMENSIONS OF THE ROOM CAN BE ARRIVED AT.

29. 8. FLEXIBILITY
TO FACILITATE ACCOMODATION OF CHANGES IN THE PLAN OF THE BUILDING IN FUTURE IF NECESSARY
ROOM 1
ROOM 2
BIG HALL

30. 9. SANITATION LIGHTING NATURAL LIGHTING ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
VENTILATION
NATURAL VENTILATION
ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION
CLEANLINESS
SANITARY PROVISIONS
BATHS-ROOMS
WATER CLOSETS
LATRINES

31. 10. ELEGENCE
ELEGANCE MEANS THE AESHTETIC VIEW OF THE BUILDING OR THE BEAUTY OF THE BUILDING
ELEGANCE OF THE BUILDING CAN BE ACHIEVED BY
INCREASING THE PLINTH HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS
TREATMENT OF EXTERIOR OF BUILDING – SLOPING ROOF, PROJECTIONS ETC.

32. ELEGENCE : CLASSROOM BUILDING

33. 11. ECONOMY MINIMUM DIMENSIONS OF THE ROOM, DOORS, WINDOWS,
SIMPLE DESIGN OF WINDOWS,
PROVIDING MINIMUM HEIGHT OF BUILDING
AVOIDING PORCHES, LOBBIES ETC

34. BUILDING BYE-LAWS (RULES & REGULATIONS)
THE LOCAL LAW FRAMED BY THE AUTHORITY.
AUTHORITIES:
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION
MUNICIAPLITY / MUNICIPAL COUNCIL
GRAMPANCHAYAT (DISTRICT COLLECTOR)

35. NECESSITY OF BYE-LAWS
TO GIVE GUIDE LINES TO THE DESIGNER, ARCHITECT OR ENGINEER
AVOID HAPHAZARD GROWTH OF HOUSES
TO CHECK UN-AUTHORISED CONSTRUCTIONS
TO AFFORD SAFETY

36. BUILDING BYE-LAWS….
BUILDING AND CONTROL LINES
OPEN SPACE REQUIREMENTS
BUILT-UP AREAS
FLOOR SPACE INDEX (FSI / FAR)
HEIGHT OF BUILDING

37. BUILDING LINE AND CONTROL LINE
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
PUBLIC BUILDINGS
ROAD
TYPE OF ROAD
BUILDING LINE
CONTROL LINE
NH, SH
30M
45M
MDR
15M
24M
ODR 9M
VILLAGE ROAD

38. OPEN SPACES AROUND BUILDINGS
HT OF BUILDING 5 6 9 12 15 18 20 24
WIDTH OF OPEN SPACE, M 3
3.3 4
4.7
5.4
6.1
7.4
OPEN SP
PLOT
BUILDING
ROAD

39. BUILT-UP AREAS AREA OF THE PLOT
PERMISSIBLE BUILT-UP AREA WITH 2-STOREYED STRUCTURE
< 200 SqM
60%
200 SqM TO 500SqM
50%
500 SqM TO 1000 SqM
40%
>1000 SqM
33.33%

40. FLOOR SPACE INDEX TOTAL BUILT-UO AREA OF ALL FLOORS F.S.I. =
TOTAL PLOT AREA
F.S.I. =
MORE NO OF FLOORS
LESS NO OF FLOORS

41. LIMITS ON HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS
WIDTH OF ROAD
MAX HT OF BUILDING
UPTO 8M
NOT MORE THAN 1.5W
8M TO 12M
NOT MORE THAN 12M
>12M
NOT MORE THAN WIDTH OF ROAD AND NOT MORE THAN 21M

42. HEIGHT OF BUILDING 45 O & 63.5 O AIR PLANE RULES S H 63.5 O
REAR BOUNDRY