1. Ch.15/16 Evolution review

2. Darwin’s finches- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcM23M-CCog
You need a whiteboard and a marker
Why were there different beak sizes and shapes?
Speciation- adaptive radiation

3. Darwin’s concepts on natural selection and evolution
List at least 3 principles Darwin had…
Overproduction of offspring
Variation in populations
Descent with modification
Competition
Survival of the fittest

4. Influences on darwin
Influenced by the work of many others, Darwin worked to refine his explanation for how species change over time.
Hutton and Lyell helped scientists recognize that Earth is many millions of years old, and the processes that changed Earth in the past are the same processes that operate in the present.
This led Darwin to think that if the Earth could change over time the organisms on it probably changed over time as well.
Also, if it took the Earth many, many years for life to change, then the Earth must be extremely old.
An English economist Thomas Malthus believed that the human population grows faster than Earth’s food supply.
Applying this concept to biology, Darwin knew many species produce large numbers of offspring and that these species had not overrun Earth.
He concluded that individuals struggle to compete in changing environmental conditions.
Also, only some individuals survive the competition and produce offspring.
Of course, Alfred Wallace

5. Acquired Characteristics and Use/Disuse1
Lamarck was one of the first to develop a theory about evolution and realize that organisms adapted to their environment.
He believed that selective use or disuse of a body part would cause it to change and that this change would be passed on to offspring. 2 3
1) The male crab uses its small claws in front to attract mates and ward off predators.
2) Lamarck believed that because it was used repeatedly it became larger.
3) According to Lamarck’s theory , the acquired characteristic, a larger claw, would be passed on to the crab’s offspring.
This theory has been shown to be incorrect!

6. Natural selection, adaptation, variation, environmental selection pressure, phenotype
Working with a partner, write a few sentences USING AN EXAMPLE IN NATURE, to explain the relatedness of these terms above in relation to evolution.
I will ask some of you to share your ideas.

7. Populations have a variety of adaptations
Finch?
Anole lizards?
Peppered moths?
Pocket mice?
Humans?
Plants?
Bacteria?
Camouflage, mimicry
Write down one example of an adaptation in nature and the organism and be ready to share.

8. Evidence for evolution
Write down 2 examples of evidence for evolution
1. Fossils
2. Anatomical structures- homologous
Vestigial and analogous
3. Embryological development
4. DNA and protein sequences

9. Define Terms Species Population Evolution Genetic equilibrium
Speciation and what can cause it
Reproductive isolation- give three types
Behavioral-different mating calls or courtship rituals- Anole lizards
Temporal- different breeding times of the year
Geographic- physical barrier – Darwin’s finches

10. Natural Selection
Natural selection acts on a population’s ____________ (not individuals!)
Three types of natural selection
Directional
Stabolizing
Disruptive

11. Genetic equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg List the 5 conditions 2 equations
What happens if even one condition above is not met?
Practice problem…
Fraggles are mythical, mouselike creatures that live beneath flower gardens. Of the 100 fraggles in a population, 91 have green hair(F) and 9 have grey hair(f). Assuming genetic equilibrium: What are the gene frequencies of F and f? What are all the genotypic frequencies?

12. Mechanisms of evolution
Natural selection
Mutation
Genetic drift
Migration
Non-random mating
These are opposite of ??