1. Protecting Satabiltiy of France
1795 protected government
1799 Coup d’etat

2. Napoleonic Age

3. “Under Robespierre blood was spilled and we had bread
“Under Robespierre blood was spilled and we had bread. Now blood is no longer spilled and we have no bread. Perhaps we must spill some blood in order to have bread.”
Quote of peasants 1795

4. Napoleon rise to fame Help put down uprising Vs. Directory
Directory struggled
Continued to fight war vs 1st coalition
Directory worried people would want a military man to advanced to power
Napoleon sent to Egypt
Ability to move troops and use of artillery was major strength
Forced Austria to give up Northern Italy

5. The Egyptian Campaign:
To weaken the British trade with India
1798 was defeated by a British navy under Admiral Horatio Nelson, who destroyed the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile.
Abandoning his troops in Egypt, Napoleon returned to France and received a hero’s welcome!

7. Exaggerated claims of victory in Egypt
France was losing war vs 1st coalition
England had organized the 2nd Coalition with Austria and Russia.
People lost faith in Directory
With the government in disarray, Napoleon launched a successful coup d’ etat on November 9, 1799.

8. “I found the crown of France on the ground and I picked it up with my sword!”

9. AGE OF NAPOLEON 1799-1814 Agreed with ideals of Revolution
People must follow orders from leader

10. Consulate
He proclaimed himself “First Consul” [Julius Caesar’s title] and did away with the elected Assembly [appointing a Senate instead].
Two other consuls under him
In 1802, he made himself sole “Consul for Life.”

11. New Consulate was submitted to the people in a plebiscite
People vote yes or no
Cannot make changes
People voted for new government

12. What did Napoleon do for France
Napoleonic Code
Bank of France
Educational System (lycees)
Concordat of 1801
Broke up 2nd coalition
Why would the people of France love a Dictator?
Lycees – Gradates appointed to government positions based on Merit not Family

14. Plebiscite of 1804 People vote for an Empire Need an Emperor to rule
Napoleon become Emperor Napoleon I

15. Plebiscite of 1804

16. Not everyone happy with France Empire
England was very upset
France threaten the British commerce ,and control of the sea and its own empire

17. Third Coalition formed by Britain, Austria Russia and others
Napoleon decides to take out British fleet and invade England

18. Battle of Traflagar British lead by Admiral Horatio Nelson
England out numbered 33-27
“Duty or Death”
French losses 22
British loses 0
Kept France from invading England

22. Continental system Destroy British trade set up blockade of England
Britain turns around and blockades France
US caught in middle

24. Napoleon wipes out the 3rd Coalition by defeating Russia and Austria at Austerlitz in December of 1805

25. Reorganization of Europe
Redraws map of Europe
Austria and Prussia forced to sigh peace treaty
Russia allied with France
Control of Netherlands and Spain
Forced Denmark and Papal States into alliance
Took German States into Confederation of the Rhine
Abolished Holy Roman Empire
Unified north Italy
He ended serfdom and brought ideas of French Revolution

27. How is Nationalism Dangerous?
Brought something more dangerous to Napoleon.
NATIONALISM!!!!!!
How is Nationalism Dangerous?

28. Peninsular Wars 1807 Portugal Refused to obey Continental System
France sent in troops
France also took over Spain
Put Brother in charge of Spain
People oppose Napoleon
Britain sends Arthur Wellesley (Duke of Wellington)
Drains French Resources

30. Russia 1812 Czar Alexander I Russia starts up trade with Britain
Napoleon calls up 600,000 troops
In spring of 1812 starts to invade Russia
Russia’s strategy
Retreat
Scorched Earth Policy

31. By fall conquered Moscow No one there No place to stay
Temps 30 below zero
One letter reads that the French killed emaciated horses and cooked a kind of soup from their bones. Another man wrote to his family that his friends had made a stew from the meat of some cats that they had caught. The main complaint in the letters was against the terrible Russian frost and abundance of snow.
Here is a line on the subject: “The temperature has kept -5 degrees for a week. We have no warm clothes and we have to sleep in the open or, with luck, in carts”.

32. October 19 1812 start return home
Tough trip back home
Only 100,000 troops make it back
Monarchies break alliance with Napoleon

34. Defeats 4th Coalition England, Russian Prussian and Austria
At battle of Leipzig French defeated
By March 1814 allies surround Paris
Bad to worse
Napoleon sent to Elba and Louis XVIII put in charge (brother to Louis XVI)

36. Hundred days People hate Louis rule (absolute power)
Undoes changes of Napoleon
Napoleon escapes island
March 1st 1815 meets army of Louis XVIII on the Alps
March 20th Napoleon reaches Paris
Rules for 100 days
England and Europe unhappy
Napoleon will try to destroy coalition before it can get organized

37. Battle of Waterloo
Defeated by Duke of Wellington and the Prussians
Sent to the island of St. Helena
Dies in 1821