1. PCR - Electrophoresis
Adding primers to the DNA for the PCR process.

2. PCR - Electrophoresis
A pipettor adds specific amounts of DNA polymerase, nucleotides, primers, and the templated DNA.

3. PCR - Electrophoresis
The PCR machine is used to make copies of specific DNA sequences. This can be used to determine if a sample contains a specific gene or increase the number of copies of a gene for use in research.

4. PCR - Electrophoresis
An electrophoresis machine. An agarose gel is place inside. Liquid covers the gel to prevent it from drying out and to allow the electricity to move through the gel.

5. PCR - Electrophoresis
Gels are made from agarose. The agarose is melted in ddH2O and poured into the trays. Combs are placed in the trays to make the wells for the DNA to be injected into.

6. PCR - Electrophoresis
The gel is allowed to cool. When they have solidified, they have the consistency of thick jello.

7. PCR - Electrophoresis
Keeping track of the different gel recipes with post-it notes.

8. PCR - Electrophoresis
The extracted DNA must be prepared for electrophoresis.

9. PCR - Electrophoresis
A restriction enzyme is added to the DNA sample to cut it into smaller fragments.

10. PCR - Electrophoresis
Blue dye is added to the DNA samples so they are easy to see while working with them. To add the dye, small droplets are placed on a non-absorbent surface.

11. PCR - Electrophoresis
A DNA sample is pipetted from a microfuge tube onto one of the droplets of blue dye. The liquids are mixed by repeatedly pumping the them in & out with the pipettor.

12. PCR - Electrophoresis
An electrophoresis machine with a agarose gel.

13. PCR - Electrophoresis
The DNA samples are loaded into the wells of the electrophoresis machine with the pipettor.

14. PCR - Electrophoresis
The DNA samples are loaded into the wells of the electrophoresis machine with the pipettor.

15. PCR - Electrophoresis
The DNA samples are loaded into the wells of the electrophoresis machine with the pipettor. This takes a steady hand.

16. PCR - Electrophoresis
The DNA samples are loaded into the wells of the electrophoresis machine with the pipettor.

17. PCR - Electrophoresis
The machine is hooked up to a power source with a positive charge at one end and negative at the other.

18. PCR - Electrophoresis
DNA has a slightly negative charge so it moves through the gel from negative to positive. (opposites attract)

19. PCR - Electrophoresis
The gel must run for _____ hrs. or until you see the blue dye of the DNA samples near the end of the gel.

20. PCR - Electrophoresis
The gel is taken from the electrophorsis machine and place on a UV light box. Ethidium bromide stains the DNA fragments so they glow under UV light.

21. PCR - Electrophoresis
The gel on a light box. With normal light on, only the blue dye mixed in with the DNA can be seen.

22. PCR - Electrophoresis
The gel on a light box. With normal light on, only the blue dye mixed in with the DNA can be seen.

23. PCR - Electrophoresis
The gel on a light box. With normal light on, only the blue dye mixed in with the DNA can be seen.

24. PCR - Electrophoresis
The gel on a light box. With normal light on, only the blue dye mixed in with the DNA can be seen.

25. PCR - Electrophoresis
Once the normal lights are shut of, the fluorescing DNA stained with ethidium bromide can be seen. Each band is composed of DNA of the same length.

26. PCR - Electrophoresis
Shorter DNA fragments travel through the gel faster because they cause less resistance in the gel. Therefore, they are found toward the farthest end of the gel.

27. PCR - Electrophoresis
Large fragments are bigger & slower and only move a short distance through the gel.

28. PCR - Electrophoresis
Electrophoresis gels are used to aid in a variety of things including gene mapping and crime investigation like the OJ Simpson trial.

29. PCR - Electrophoresis
Computer analysis of the electrophoresis data. The data is sent to a professional company which determines the actual sequence of nucleotides in the DNA sample.

30. PCR - Electrophoresis
Another representation of the nucleotide base pairs in the DNA sample.