1. The Gerund
Ing-verb

2. It is used as a noun I love swimming She doesn’t mind doing extra work
Reading is her hobby

3. Used as an object noun after preposition
She is fond of reading
He is good at swimming

4. The word to in some phrases is a preposition
We look forward to seeing you.
I am not used to going to bed late
He objected to pulling the old building
He is devoted to helping the poor
He was reduced to feeling sorry for himself

5. These structures and expressions must be followed by gerund
It is no use arguing with them
It is no good trying to cover the mistake
There’s no joking about this matter
There’s no point in trying again.
I have difficulty finding your address.

6. Some more structures It is a waste of money/time
It’s a waste of time chatting on ICQ
I couldn’t help laughing when I heard the joke.
As,like, than
The robber is described as being a middle-aged man.

7. Go + verb-ing
I am free this afternoon.Let’s go shopping.

8. Busy/ worth
I am busy talking on the phone.
The film is worth seeing.

9. Passive form Being + past participle
She doesn’t mind being given extra work.

10. Perfect form Having + past participle
I regret having made that remark.

11. After some verbs Need/ require/ want /deserve Your car needs washing
Your car needs to be washed.
The machine requires regular oiling.
The advice deserves listening to.