1. Chapter 31 Present passive infinitives
Ablative case-something for everyone
Demonstrative adjectives/pronouns:
is this the same old thing?

2. What’s an infinitive?
An infinitive is a verbal mood that is not limited by person and number.
An infinitive can have different tenses.
What’s a tense?
Tense is the time in which an action occurs.
An infinitive can have voices.
How can a verb have a voice?
A verbal voice means whether it is active or passive.

3. Let’s look at principal parts
paro parare paravi paratum 1st
habeo habere habui habitum 2nd
mitto mittere misi missum 3rd
iacio iacere ieci iactum 3IO
audio audire audivi auditum 4th
The present active infinitive is the second principal part of a verb and is generically translated “to verb”

4. Present passive infinitive
For 1st, 2nd, and 4th conjugation verbs, take the second principal part, drop the final –e, and add –i.
parare parar parari
habere haber haberi
audire audir audiri
3rd and 3IO are always a little different! Take the second principal part, drop the –ere and add –i.
mittere mitt mitti
iacere iac iaci
Passive infinitives are generically translated “to be verbed”

5. Review these ablatives
Time when
Specific time --- WHEN did an action occur
No preposition in Latin
Usually translates “at” or “in” before the noun
Often appears with an ordinal number
Time within which
Span of time --- WITHIN what time span did an action occur
Usually translates “in” or “within” before the noun
Often appears with a cardinal number
Means (Instrument)
Concrete object that is the tool with which the action is performed
Translated “with”, “by”, or “by means of” before the noun
Agent
Must be a person
The person is doing the action with a passive verb
Is preceded by the preposition a(b)

6. Ablative of manner BUT Always inanimate – usually a concept
Uses the preposition cum = with
BUT
If there is an adjective modifying the noun, you may omit cum
If you use cum you must place it between the preposition and the noun.
Cum laude
Magnā cum laude
Magnā laude
Cum celeritate
magno amore
maximo cum
terrore

7. Ablative of Cause
I am sad because of longing for my family.
Misera sum desiderio familiae.
The motive which influences the mind of the person acting
Often used with with verbs of emotion
Because of your carelessness,
the doll was broken.
Tuā neglegentiā, pupa fracta est.

8. Ablative of Price / Value
Tells what something is worth – not necessarily monetary
Often includes cardinal numbers
Does not require a prepsition in Latin
Flavia bought a new dress for much money.
Flavia stolam novam pecuniā multā ēmit.
Marcus sold a horse for 100 denarii.
Marcus equum centum denariis vendidit.

9. THE ABLATIVE ASTRONAUT
Sub In De
Sine
Pro Ab
Cum Ex
SID SPACE:
THE ABLATIVE ASTRONAUT
Are prepositions followed by the ablative case

10. Ablative Place Where As the name suggests, Ablative Place Where is
a location
Answers the question, “where?”
Latin prep.
English in
in, on
sub
under, at the foot of

11. Ablative Place from which
Latin
English
a/ab
away from de
down from
e/ex
out of
Ablative Place from which
Ablative Place from which also deals with location. It answers the questions “from where?”
Quid liberi agunt?
Quid accidit?
Quid vir dicit?
Liberi ab villā currunt.
Puer de scalis cecidit.
Vir inquit, “ex meā arbore”.

12. Ablative of Accompaniment
Answers the question, “with whom”
always a person or animal
Uses the preposition cum
Mater cum sorore dicit.
Linus musicam cum cane ludebat.
Flaviia et Aurelia cum ancillis ambulant.

13. Ipse: another demonstrative adjective
Singular
Masc Fem Neut
ipse ipsa ipsum
ipsius ipsius ipsius
ipsi ipsi ipsi
ipsum ipsam ipsum
ipso ipsa ipso
Translates:
“very” or “-self”
Plural
Masc Fem Neut
ipsi ipsae ipsa
ipsorum ipsarum ipsorum
ipsis ipsis ipsis
ipsos ipsas ipsa
Notice how many endings follow those of 1st and 2nd declension?

14. Ispe I did it myself! Ego ipsa id feci!
Cornelius was summoned by the emperor himself.
Cornelius a principe ipso. arcessebatur.

15. Idem: -dem same old demonstratives
Singular
Masc Fem Neut
idem eadem idem
eiusdem eiusdem eiusdem
eidem eidem eidem
eundem eandem idem
eodem eadem eodem
Translates “same”
This is the personal pronoun is, ea, id with the suffix –dem added.
Plural
Masc Fem Neut
eidem eaedem eadem
eorundem earundem eorundem
eisdem eisdem eisdem
eosdem easdem eadem
eisdem eisdem eisdem
-dem doesn’t decline, but
notice how many endings (before –dem) follow those of 1st and 2nd declension?

16. Idem Did Aeneas make the same journey as Odysseus?
Aeneas idem iter fecit, ut Odysseus fecit?
Aeneas’ journey
Odysseus’ journey