1. Arthro- means jointed Pod – means foot or feet Jointed feet
Arthropods
Arthro- means jointed
Pod – means foot or feet
Jointed feet

2. Number of species Mollusca Chordata Platyhelminthes Nematoda
Arthropoda
Porifera
Annelida
Echinodermata
Sarcomastigophora
Apicomplex
Ciliophora

3. Arthropods Most Successful Animals
Number of species
Diversity
Distribution
Longevity

4. Reasons for Success Versatile exoskeleton Segmentation
Oxygen piped directly to cells (terrestrial)
Highly developed sensory organs
Complex behavior
Metamorphosis

5. 1. How many species of arthropods have scientists found?
Copy the following questions and answer them from the video “Those Amazing Arthropods.”
1. How many species of arthropods have scientists found?
2. What are the three characteristics all arthropods have?
3. List two functions of the exoskeleton.
4. What is a soft-shelled crab?
5. In what habitat do you find most crustaceans?

6. 6. How many pairs of legs does a spider have?
7. What do scientists guess the ratio is between insects and humans?
8. What is the best thing to remember when deciding if an animal is an insect or not?
9. Name two ways arthropods hurt or harm humans.
10. Name two ways arthropods help humans.
Number 1 – 10 and answer Video Quiz questions.

8. Characteristics of Arthropods
Have segmented bodies that are bilaterally symmetrical
Have an exoskeleton – hard covering on the outside of their body made of chitin
Have many appendages – any structure such as an arm or leg that grows out of the body of an animal
Respiratory organs are either gills, tracheal tubes or book lungs

9. 5. Have many sense organs such as antennae that can detect movement, sound or chemicals
6. Well developed nervous systems Most have either simple or compound eyes. Some have both
What are some disadvantages of an exoskeleton? (Think what it would be like to have a tough armor on the outside of your body.)

10. Disadvantages of an exoskeleton
Heavy
Must be shed for growth to occur. Shedding of an exoskeleton is called molting.
Can be easier for predators to attack before new exoskeleton hardens
Not flexible (why jointed appendages are so important

11. 5 classes of arthropods Class Insecta – flies, grasshoppers, beetles
Class Arachnida – spiders, scorpions and mites (chiggers and mange)
Class Crustacea – shrimp, lobsters, crayfish, pill bugs (rolly polly)
Class Chilopoda – centipedes
Class Diplopoda -- millipedes

12. Class Insecta Entomology – study of insects Characteristics
Largest arthropod group
Found in freshwater & terrestrial habitats, especially tropical areas
Legs, mouthparts, & antenna jointed
Body segmented into three sections --- head, thorax, & abdomen
Six legs & up to two pairs of wings located on thorax

14. Have compound & simple eyes
One pair of antennae on head
Abdomen has 11 segments
Exoskeleton, covering & protecting body, is made of chitin & must be molted to grow
Elaborate mouthparts

15. Compound Eye

17. Types of metamorphosis
Complete – 4 stages Egg  larva  pupa  adult Examples: ants, butterflies, silkworms, ladybugs Incomplete – 3 stages Egg  nymph  adult Examples: stinkbugs, earwigs, crickets, grasshoppers, cockroaches

18. Monarch Butterfly

19. Success of Insects
Found everywhere except in deep part of ocean
Very short life span & rapidly adapt to new environments
Small size helps minimize competition in habitats
Flight helps escape predators & move into other environments

20. Environmental Impact
Pollinate almost 2/3's of all plants
Serve as food for fish, birds, & mammals
Help recycle materials (termites recycle wood)
Make useful byproducts such as silk & honey
Some spread disease
Agricultural pests

21. Class Arachnida 4 pair of legs
Have pedipalps – 2nd pair of appendages used in gathering food and other functions
2 body segments called cephalothorax and abdomen
Except mites & ticks
Most are predators
Inject enzymes into prey
Suck fluid into pharynx
Have 8 eyes -- a combination of simple and compound eyes

22. Arachnid Body Regions
Cephalothorax
Abdomen

23. Orders of Arachnids Scorpions Pseudoscorpions Daddy Long-Legs
Mites & Ticks
Spiders 23

24. Order Scorpionida Large pedipalps Abdominal stinger
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Order Scorpionida
Large pedipalps
Abdominal stinger
Photo (a) © SS#11/PhotoDisc

25. Pseudoscorpion
Tick
(a mite)
Scorpion
Wolf
Spider
Daddy-long-legs 25

26. Scorpion Anatomy 26

27. 27

28. chelicerae
eyes
pedipalp 28

29. Pseudoscorpion 29

30. Mite and Tick Body Regions
pedipalps &
chelicerae
cephalothorax
abdomen 30

31. Blacklegged (deer) tick female
American dog tick male
Blacklegged (deer) tick female 31

32. American dog tick female laying egg mass (1000-2000 eggs!).32

33. Twospotted spider mites
Clover mites
Twospotted spider mites
Predatory mite 33

34. daddy long-legs
cephalothorax
abdomen 34

35. Respiratory structures
Arachnid respiratory structure is
Book lung or
Spiracles – tiny holes on the abdomen that open and close allowing air to come in and flow over a series of tubes called trachae.

36. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

37. Spider Anatomy pedipalp chelicera (fang) cephalothorax narrow waist
abdomen 37

38. The Incredible World of Spiders

39. Jumping Spider
Abdomen
Cephalothorax
Chelicera (fang)
Pedipalp 39

40. Wolf spider with egg case Spitting spider
Orb-weaving spider
Tarantula 40

41. Black widow with egg case
Brown recluse 41

42. Order Araneae
Spiders
Fangs with poison glands
Silk glands

43. Silk glands and Spinnerets – all spiders have glands that produce and structures that either spin it or lay it down in a line. All spiders produce draglines (used as a safety net).

44. DO NOT COPY!!! Gland Silk Use Ampullate (Major) Dragline silk - used for the web’s outer rim and spokes and the lifeline. Ampullate (Minor) Used for temporary scaffolding during web construction. Flagelliform Capture-spiral silk - used for the capturing lines of the web. Tubuliform Egg cocoon silk - used for protective egg sacs. Aciniform Used to wrap and secure freshly captured prey; used in the male sperm webs Aggregate A silk glue of sticky globules Piriform Used to form bonds between separate threads for attachment points

45. Read BUT DO NOT COPY! Due to the difficulties in extracting and processing substantial amounts of spider silk, there is currently only one known piece of cloth made of spider silk, an 11-by-4-foot (3.4 by 1.2 m) textile with a golden tint made in Madagascar in Eighty-two people worked for four years to collect over one million golden orb spiders and extract silk from them.[85]

47. Fig. 18.4

48. Fig. 18.5

49. World’s most poisonous spider – Brazilian Wandering Spider

50. Dugesiella
Tarantula

51. Latrodectus mactans
Black widow spider
Neurotoxin

52. Loxosceles reclusa Fiddle back spider Necrotoxin Brown recluse Brown
Violin
Necrotoxin

53. Loxosceles reclusa
Necrosis of tissue

54. Day 3

55. Day 4

56. Day 5

57. Day 6

58. Day 9

59. Day 10

61. Order Acari
Ticks
Mites
Body segments fused

62. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Ticks are vector
High fever
Headache
Muscle pain
Rash
BEGINS ON EXTREMETIES
25% fatal without antibiotics

63. Dermacentor variabilis
Dog tick
Dermacentor andersoni
Wood tick

64. Fig

65. Dermatophagoides Dust mite Allergies to fecal products
1 gram of dust holds 250,000 droppings

66. Trombicula
Chigger mite
Larva feed on skin
Dermatitis

67. Class Crustacea mostly marine, fresh water, a few terrestrial
all have two pair of antennae,
some have antennules that are used for balance
five or more pairs of legs
segmented abdominal appendages
head & trunk fused into a cephalothorax & abdomen body arrangement
have gills 67

68. Sowbugs or pillbugs (rolly polly) only terrestrial crustacean
Sand fleas
Barnacles
Crabs, lobster, shrimp

69. Crayfish cephalothorax (Decapoda)
Sowbug (Isopoda),
a terrestrial crustacean 69

71. Two pair of antennae
Biramous appendages

72. Fig. 19.3

73. Fig. 19.1

79. Crayfish

80. Fig. 19.2a

81. Fig. 19.2b

82. Fig. 19.5
Fig. 19.5

83. Fig. 19.6

84. Fig. 19.7
Fig. 19.7

85. Lobster

86. Shrimp

87. Crab

88. Pill Bug

89. Fig c

90. Fig c

91. Class Chilopoda Centipedes One pair of legs per body segment
Poison fang and claws
Flattened bodies
Carnivores

92. Class Diplopoda milliipedes Two pair of appendages per body segment
Cylindrical body
Herbivores
Have stink glands for protection