1. Fungus

2. OVERVIEW OF FUNGI CHARACTERISTICS CELL WALLS- made of chitin
HAVE LARGE CELLS- containing many nuclei
GROW BY- producing hyphae (long, thin filaments)
CONTAIN- no chlorophyll
DIGEST THEIR FOOD- before it is ingested

3. 6. GROWS WELL IN- dark, warm, damp areas
7. REPRODUCES BY spores (a cell that develops into a new organism)
8. MOST ARE saprophytes- feed on dead organisms

4. 9. DECOMPOSERS- break down complex substances into simple substances
9. DECOMPOSERS- break down complex substances into simple substances. Recycle nutrients in the ecosystem
10. SOME ARE PARASITES- live on or in living organisms
11. CLASSIFIED BY THE WAY THEY- reproduce and by their structure

5. Section 20.1 Summary – pages 529-534
The structure of fungi
Germinating
Spore
Mycelium
Spore
Food Source
Section 20.1 Summary – pages

6. 1. MOLDS LACK crosswalls BETWEEN CELLS IN THE HYPHAE WATER MOLDS
Cell walls made of cellulose
Produce sexual spores (gametes)
Produce spores asexually
Type that destroyed the potato crop in Ireland in 1840s

7. B. TERRESTRIAL MOLDS Ex. bread mold Mycelium- “fuzz”, loose,
tangled mass of hyphae
Rhizoids- root like structures that anchor mold to its food
Sporangia- spore cases on the end of reproductive hyphae
Mold spores can cause allergic reactions

9. (yeast, cup fungi, lichen)
2. SAC FUNGI
(yeast, cup fungi, lichen)
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION- hyphae fuse, exchange of genes
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION- spores at tips of hyphae

10. A. YEAST- Has filaments, not hyphae
Obtains energy through fermentation
BUDDING (ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION)= part of cell forms new yeast

11. B. CUP FUNGI-
Spores form on cup-like structure (fruiting body)

12. C. LICHENS= Fungus plus algae living in a symbiotic relationship
Mutualism-
a. ALGAE- makes food for fungus
b. FUNGUS- provides water, carbon
dioxide, and structure for algae

13. 3. CLUB FUNGI (typical mushroom)
BASIDIUM- the structure that produces the sexual spores

15. A. MUSHROOMS- made of many hyphae (branching filaments)
CAP- umbrella-shaped structure of fruiting body
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION- hyphae fuse and form new cell
GILLS- underside of cap, basidia are on gills

17. B. RUSTS & SMUTS PARASITIC- cause plant diseases
DON’T FORM- fruiting bodies
HAVE sexual spores on basidia

18. 4. IMPERFECT FUNGI DON’T reproduce sexually CAUSE human diseases
EX: thrush, ringworm, athlete’s foot
PRODUCE antibiotics- penicillin, discovered by Alexander Fleming (1928)

19. FUNGI REVIEW
MOLDS –
2 Kinds:
a. water molds – reproduce by spores
made sexually (from gametes) and asexually
b. Terrestrial molds – black fuzzy mold on bread
SAC FUNGI – truffle, morel
Yeast – get energy from fermentation
Budding (reproduction)
Reproduction : budding
Cup Fungi – spores produced on fruiting body
Lichen – green algae + sac fungi. Symbiotic relationship

20. CLUB FUNGI
Mushrooms – cap, fruiting body
Basidia on gills produce spores
Rusts & Smuts – Parasitic. Cause plant diseases
IMPERFECT FUNGI –
Do not have a sexual reproductive cycle
-Disease – Thrush, ringworm, source of penicillin
-Green mold on bread, oranges, cheeses