1. The Fall of Greece and Alexander the Great

2. After the Peloponnesian War
Sparta and Athens are both weakened
They still continue to fight small battles
Macedonia is located to the north
They see Greece falling apart
Philip II able to see it when his son is tutored by Aristotle
His son is Alexander the Great
Saw this as the chance to overtake Greece

3. Map of Macedonia & Greece

4. Philip II of Macedonia
Philip II became king at 23; attacked Greece at 34
Used the phalanx with sarissas, then a cavalry
Alexander (at the age of 18) leads the cavalry
Greeks try to defend their cities but will not work together and are overtaken
Ends Greek freedom and independence
Philip plans on taking Persia next
Unable to do this due to his assassination
Killed at his daughter’s wedding by a guard

5. Phalanx with Sarissas

6. Map of Macedonia & Greece

7. Alexander Comes to Power
Alexander quickly took power
Smart (tutored by Aristotle) and tough
Thebes tries to rebel - he kills 6000, others are sold into slavery
Bucephalus is Alexander’s favorite horse – rides him in every battle until the horse is killed attacking India
Attacks Persia and defeats Darius III
With the win he controlled Anatolia
Darius tries to cut a deal, he says no
Vows to take the entire empire
Next goes to Egypt - crowned pharaoh
Seen as a liberator and welcomed in (Egyptians were under rule of Persians and did not like it!)

8. City of Alexandria created
Starts Here
Defeats Darius III for this
Then Egypt
City of Alexandria created

9. Alexander on the Move From Egypt he moved into Mesopotamia
Defeats Darius again, takes major cities
After this, the empire is his to take
Alexander’s armies march towards India
Fought for 11 years, covered 11,000 miles
When they hit the Indus Valley soldiers wanted to return to their families
Alexander allows it; heads for home (Babylon)
When he returns he dies of a fever

10. Alexander’s Vast Empire

11. Cities all over empire renamed in Alexander’s honor

12. Following Alexander’s Death
His 3 best generals split the empire
Known for doing many great things
Spread Hellenistic culture
A mix of Greek culture with Egyptian, Indian and Persian cultures
Made Alexandria, Egypt the new home of learning and knowledge (not Athens)
Created museums, libraries, other buildings.
Became a meeting place for an international community of culture

14. The City of Alexandria, Egypt
New home of learning and knowledge
Had many advancements that made it unique
Wide streets, split into blocks (Indian influence)
Statues of the gods sculpted in public (Greek)
Famous museum built to house many things
Named for the Muses – had an observatory, zoo, etc.
Had a lighthouse for ships to navigate at night
Ships pulling into port at all times and from everywhere
Alexandrian Library
Housed many works and old papyrus rolls
Promoted works of writers and promoted learning

15. Lighthouse at Alexandria
Library at Alexandria

16. Achievements of Hellenism
What is Hellenism/Hellenistic??
Greece used to be called Helles
Hellenism were the ideas/thoughts that were influenced by the Greeks
Studies of the stars improve
Observatory built, size of planets, sun, etc.
Accurately measured size of Earth
Ptolemy comes up with geocentric universe model (earth is the center)
Advancements in mathematics
Euclid and Pythagoras- geometry
Archimedes- value of pi, levers, pulleys, and the screw design

17. Achievements of Hellenism
Philosophic Advancements
Stoicism – believed the world was run by a divine power
People should live by natural law and harmony
Do not show emotions or let them rule you
Epicureanism – world made of atoms and ruled by the gods
Gods do not care about humans
Goal is to seek out what is pleasurable – live modestly and understand the world around you
Art changes from idealistic to realistic
Showed emotional faces and new subjects
Thoughts break away from the dependency on religion and gods and focus more on reason/logic
Hellenistic culture spread until around 150 BC when Rome became the new place to be.