1. Status of national system for control of radioactive sources: CROATIA
Sustaining Cradle-to-Grave Control of Radioactive Sources (INT-9182) Workshop on implementation of a national cradle-to-grave control system for radioactive sources IAEA, Vienna, 13 – 17 March 2017, Room C1
Status of national system for control of radioactive sources: CROATIA
ŽELJKA TOPOLOVAC, State Office for Radiological and Nuclear Safety, Croatia
MARIJO MEDIĆ, State Office for Radiological and Nuclear Safety, Croatia

2. National bodies responsible for radioactive sources
STATE OFFICE FOR RADIOLOGICAL AND NUCLEAR SAFETY (SORNS)
The regulatory body entrusted with the implementation of the legislative and regulatory framework. The SORNS, as the state administration body, is the competent authority for all activities pertaining to radiological and nuclear safety, as well as for the activities pertaining to storage of radioactive waste and disused sources of domestic origin in the central national storage facility.
TECHNICAL SUPPORT ORGANISATIONS (TSO)
The organisations authorised by SORNS with certified measurement methods (ISO 17025).
USERS
All the users are licensed by SORNS and they have permits for usage of each radioactive source issued by SORNS

3. National bodies responsible for radioactive sources
SORNS
USERS
TSO
TSO
Institute for Medical Research
and Occupation Health
(IMROH)
Institute Ruđer Bošković (IRB)
Ekoteh Dosimetry Co.
USERS
Medicine (40)
Industry (200)
Science (19)
Others (106)

4. Legal & regulatory framework for radioactive sources
ACT ON RADIOLOGICAL AND NUCLEAR SAFETY (OG 141/13, 39/15)
principles, national framework, funding
establishes measures for safety and protection against ionizing radiation and measures for physical protection in performing nuclear activities and practices involving sources of ionizing radiation
Regulation on the conditions and method of disposal of radioactive waste, spent sealed radioactive sources and ionizing radiation sources which are not intended for further use (OG 44/2008)
Ordinance on authorisations and licences for use and movement of ionizing radiation sources (OG 71/2012, 89/2013)
Ordinance on the conditions and measures for protection against ionizing radiation for carrying out activities with radioactive sources (OG 41/2013)
Ordinance on the physical security of radioactive sources, nuclear material and nuclear facilities (OG 38/2012)
Ordinance on the procedure for supervising the import or export of material for which there is reasonable suspicion of contamination by radionuclides or contains radioactive sources (OG 114/2007)

5. Legal & regulatory framework for radioactive sources
CURRENT SITUATION:
A license, issued by SORNS, is required for the purchase, use and management of all sources.
The regulations clearly establish the primary responsibility of the licensee for safety and security of approved activities and facilities.
All operations and activities important to safety are subjected to documented limits, conditions and controls, and are carried out by trained, qualified and competent personnel.
The measures are implemented to ensure an integrated approach to safety and security in the predisposal management of radioactive waste.
The Regulatory Body requires that all radioactive waste is identified, controlled and kept to the minimum practicable.
The sources of radioactive waste generation are identified and the anticipated waste arising is quantified trough the licensing procedure.
The regulatory body requires the operator to carry out periodic safety reviews and any safety upgrades following this reviews.

6. Legal & regulatory framework for radioactive sources
GAPS:
the existing regulation does not require the operator to carry out safety assessments and to develop a safety case
graded approach is not implemented in legislative framework
requirements for proper management of radioactive waste and reporting to the regulatory body are set but in practice an overall system for this is not developed;
the regulation does not require in the case of a step by step development, or in the event of the modification of the facility or activity, that the safety case and its supporting safety assessment shall be reviewed and updated as necessary
regulatory body does not require that the waste is stored in such a manner that it can be inspected, monitored, retrieved and preserved in a condition suitable for its subsequent management

7. Use of radioactive sources in the country
Field
Isotop
Usage
Medicine
Ir - 192
Brachytherapy
Cs-137
Brachytherapy, Calibration, Blood irradiation
Co-57
Calibration
Sr-90
Ocular applicator
Industry
Ind. radiography
Co-60
Irradiator
Am-241
Calibration, Level meters
Am-241/Be
Well logging
Density
Ra-226
Kr-85
Determination of thickness
Se-75
Science
Cf-252
Determination of hydrogen
Mossbauer spektrometrija
Cm-244
Ni-63
Gas chromatography
Th-232
Others
Eu-152/154
Radioactive lightning rods
RADIOACTIVE SOURCES (in use)
Category I II
III IV 2 14 20 98

8. Use of radioactive sources in the country
All data of radioactive sources are in central register by SORNS, soon will be transfer to RAIS
Example:

9. Arrangements for disused sources
ORPHAN SOURCES
SECURITY OVER SOURCES
Security measures are incorporated in licensing process and
checked by SORNS inspectors
Discovering of ORPHAN SOURCE
call 112 (NATIONAL PROTECTION AND RESCUE DIRECTORATE)
SORNS
INSPECTION
TSO in cooperation with SORNS
CNSF

10. Arrangements for disused sources
Situation in Croatia with radioactive storages:
Radioactive waste storage facility at the Institute for Medical Research and Occupation Health (IMROH) – closed in 2000.
Institute Ruđer Bošković (IRB) – closed in September 2013
Users stores from July 2013 untill Central National Storage Facility (CNSF) will be established.

11. Arrangements for disused sources
IMROH
operational in the period from 1959 till 2000
June partial waste segregation, characterization, conditioning and packing into lead containers has been carried out by local TSO (Ekoteh Dosimetry Co.) with the assistance of the IAEA.
more than 900 sources were recovered and characterised along with approximately 0.5 m3 of contaminated materials
Ra-226 were transferred to the storage facility at the IRB.
contains some 0.5 m3 of short lived waste having the total activity of 6x1011 Bq and approximately 1 m3 of long lived waste with the activity of 9x1011 Bq.
the total volume of the waste is estimated to 1.5 m3, while the total activity amounts to 1.5x1012 Bq.

12. Arrangements for disused sources
IRB
formed in for safe storage of the waste produced within this scientific institution
untill authorized for the collection, processing and storage of all types of solid and liquid radioactive waste generated in Croatia
September the facility was put out of operation, as the storage conditions were not in line with the regulatory requirements
July partial waste segregation, characterization, conditioning and packing into lead containers has been carried out by local TSO (Ekoteh Dosimetry Co.) with the assistance of SANDIA CORPORATION, USA.
some sources with short lived radionclides with the total activity of 1.3x1013 Bq
some sources with long lived radionuclides are stored with the total activity of 4.9x1011 Bq
In total some sources with the activity of 1.4x1013 Bq and with the volume of 6 m3

13. Arrangements for disused sources
IRB

14. Arrangements for disused sources
The current situation:

15. Arrangements for disused sources
Expectations:

16. Key issues and national needs
CENTRAL NATIONAL STORAGE FACILITY
according to the Strategy for the management of radioactive waste, disused sources and spent nuclear fuel
after CNSF will be established, sources from IMROH and IRB storages will be conditioned, repacked and transferred to this location
the Fund, as legal person, will establish and operate the Central National Storage Facility.
The CNSF will be financed from:
historical radwaste waste and used sources (including orphan sources) – budget.
new arising radioactive waste and used sources – polluter pay principle
designated fund

17. Key issues and national needs
CNSF

18. Thank you!
Thank you!