1. Ancient Egypt

2. Chapter Four Section One
The Egyptian Empire
Chapter Four
Section One

3. Egypt Objective
Analyze the process by which early peoples organized their societies and built advanced civilizations

4. Setting the Stage Review of Chapter Two
Egyptian civilization developed along the Nile Rive
united into kingdom around 3100 B.C.
Middle Kingdom (2080 – 1640 B.C) = trade with Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley enriched Egypt
up the Nile River – 600 miles south of the Egyptian city of Thebes – a major kingdom had developed in the region of Nubia
the Nubian kingdom of Kush traded with Egypt
the two kingdoms particularly
influenced each other culturally

5. Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt
the prosperity of the Middle Kingdom declined
Egypt descended into war and violence
caused by succession of weak pharaohs and power struggles among rival nobles
a weakened Egypt fell to invaders
swept across the Isthmus of Suez
in chariots – weapon of war unknown
to Egyptians
Hyksos (HIHK * sohs) ruled Egypt
from 1640 to 1570 B.C.

6. Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt
Hebrews migrated and settled in Egypt during the Hyksos rule
Bible
Abraham and his family crossed the Euphrates River
came to Canaan – 1800 B.C.
1650 B.C. – descendants of Abraham moved to Egypt
Abraham left the city of Ur and traveled to Canaan for the promised land
historians believe the Hyksos encouraged the Hebrews to settle in Egypt because they were racially similar
Egyptians resented the Hyksos presence; had no power to remove them

7. Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt
1600 B.C. – a series of warlike rulers began to restore Egypt’s power
Queen Ahhotep (ah * HOH * tehp) helped drive out the Hyksos
took over when her husband was killed in battle
Kamose (KAH * mohs) was the next pharaoh
won a great victory over the Hyksos
his successors drove the Hyksos completely out of Egypt and pursued them across the Sinai Peninsula into Palestine
Biblical scholars believe the Hebrews remained and were enslaved and forced into hard labor
Hebrews would not leave until 1500 and 1200 B.C. = time of the Exodus
** Hebrews were the group that followed the Ten Commandments **

8. The New Kingdom of Egypt
Hyksos were overthrown – the pharaohs of the New Kingdom sought to strengthen Egypt by building an empire (1570 – 1075 B.C.)
Egypt entered its third period of glory
it was wealthier and powerful than ever before
Egyptians became conquers due to bronze weapons and two-wheeled chariots
Pharaohs of the 18th Dynasty – 1570 to 1365 B.C. – set up an army that included archers, charioteers and infantry (foot soldiers)

9. The New Kingdom of Egypt
Hatshepsut (hat *SHEHP * soot) declared herself pharaoh around 1472 B.C.
took over because her stepson – male heir to the throne – was a young child
encouraged trade rather than waging war
trading expeditions brought back gold, ivory, and unusual plants and animals
Thutmose III (thoot * MOH * suh) was Hatshepsut stepson
war-like ruler
theory he murdered Hatshepsut
led a number of victorious invasions into Palestine and Syria
Pushed toward Nubia who Egypt had previously traded with
Egypt controlled lands around the Nile and far beyond
commanded power and wealth which it never had before

10. Age of Builders
in search of security in the afterlife – and protection from grave robbers – they hid their splendid tombs beneath desert cliffs
The Valley of the Kings is where the Egyptians chose to bury their dead for protection from grave robbers

11. Age of Builders Ramses II reign = great builders
At Karnak he added a monumental temple to Amon-Re (AH *muhn * Ray) Egypt’s chief god
Ramses ordered a temple to be carved into the red sandstone cliffs above the Nile River at Abu Simbel (AH *boo SIHM *buhl)
temples decorated with enormous statues of himself
Ramses II Achievements
1. Amon-Re Temple
2. Abu Simbel Temple

12. The Empire Declines
the empire that Thutmose III had built and Ramses II had ruled slowly came apart after 1200 B.C.
strong civilizations rose to challenge Egypt’s power
Ramses dies and the entire Mediterranean suffered a wave of invasion
** Two reasons for Decline **
** Egypt invaded by Land and Sea
“Sea People” – Philisitines – caused great destruction
Palestine tribes rebelled against their Egyptian overlords
Libyan raids on Egyptian villages – desert no longer barrier
** Egyptian Empire Fades
after invasions = never recovered previous power
Empire broke into regional units and numerous small kingdoms
Libyan pharaohs ruled Egypt and erected cities from 950 B.C. to
730 B.C.

13. Egyptian Empire Summary
GOVERNMENT
ACHIEVEMENTS
DECLINE
OLD
Pharaohs
strong centralized
government with a
bureaucracy
built enormous tombs
the pyramids
power struggles
crop failures
cost of pyramids
caused collapse
MIDDLE
corrupt
government
suffered frequent
rebellion
canal from Nile to Red
Sea = more trade and
transportation
large drainage projects
Hyskos and Hittites
and conquered
NEW
Pharaohs created a
large empire
Queen Hatsheput =
trade routes
Ramses II =
military victories
peace treaty signed
with Hittites = first
such document
Assyrian & Persian
invaders

14. Explain how the New Kingdom of Egypt became so powerful and wealthy.
Essential Question
Explain how the New Kingdom of Egypt became so powerful and wealthy.
Write three complete sentences in the summary location on your note sheet

15. Egypt Objective
Analyze the process by which early peoples organized their societies and built advanced civilizations