1. CITY SANITATION PLAN - WAI
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

2. CONTENTS SECTION I: OVERVIEW AND CONTEXT SETTING
INTRODUCTION
LOCATION AND REGIONAL SETTING
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
CITY ECOLOGY
CONTEXT OF WATER SUPPLY IN WAI
SECTION II: SECTORAL ANALYSIS AND PLAN PROPOSALS
ACCESS TO SANITATION FACILITY (TOILETS) – HOUSEHOLD, COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC SANITATION FACILITIES
WASTEWATER, SEPTAGE AND STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
SECTION III: MUNICIPAL FINANCE ANALYSIS
MUNICIPAL FINANCE ANALYSIS
FINANCING PLAN
SECTION IV: SUMMARY AND FINANCING ALTERNATIVES
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

3. SECTION I: OVERVIEW AND CONTEXT SETTING
INTRODUCTION
LOCATION AND REGIONAL SETTING
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
CITY ECOLOGY
CONTEXT OF WATER SUPPLY IN WAI
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

4. INTRODUCTION REGIONAL SETTINGS DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE POPULATION FORECAST
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
INTRODUCTION
Wai is a holy pilgrim town and an old Buddhist settlement. It emerged and flourished along River Krishna
Ghat precincts are major upcoming focus of attraction for film shooting
City
Wai
District
Satara
Civic status
Nagar Parishad ‘C’ class
Area
3.64 sq km
Number of Wards 19
Number of Prabhag 5
REGIONAL SETTINGS
Located at 17°56N 73°53E, south of the city of Pune
An average elevation of 718 meters (2,355 feet)
Surrounded by the mountainous region of the Sahyadris; ("Dhom Dam" has been constructed in the vicinity of Wai)
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
POPULATION FORECAST
YEAR
METHOD AM IM GM PM
OTHER
2012
36386
36450
36274
36377
36500
2013
36718
37106
36496
36702
38200
2021
39379
39703
38324
39298
41500
2028
41707
43192
39999
41569
42711
2031
42705
44646
40739
42543
45500
2041
46031
49913
43305
45787
48000
2043
46696
=54044 say 54050
43838
46436
49000

5. Total female population Municipal area increased by about 30%
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS AND SLUM PROFILE
ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS
SLUM PROFILE
KRISHNA RIVER
Hillock
TOWARDS
DHOM DAM
SURUR
PANCHGANI ``
Old municipal limit
New municipal limit
Outgrowth
MENAVALI
SR. NO .
CITY
SLUMS
Population
36,053
2,140
Households
8,066
342
NAME
POPULATION
AGE
Gurebazar
1,328 30
Kashikapadi
812 50
2% slum area
Prabhag
Wards
Total HHs
Total population
Total male population
Total female population 1
1,7,8,9
1,524
6,607
3,336
3,271 2
2,3,4,6
1,491
6,916
3,416
3,500 3
10,11,12,13
1,826
7,805
3,950
3,855 4
14,15,16,19
1,438
8,023
4,089
3,933 5
5,17,18
1,464
6,702
3,397
3,305
Total
7,743
360,53
18,188
17,864
Municipal area increased by about 30% 5 1 2 3 4

6. No Metering of the water connections provided
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
WATER SUPPLY
Ground Water
7 Private well
1 Bore well
Total 5.83 MLD
Krishna River
WTP
Surface water
Storage
4.8 MLD
GSR
3.5 LL
ESR
16.6 LL
Distribution
Meter
Unbilled authorised consumption: 0.04MLD
Billed metered consumption: 0 MLD
Billed unmetered consumption: 4.57 MLD
Unauthorised use and leakages on transmission mains and on distribution line:
0 .98 MLD
Revenue water
4.57 MLD
(78.39%)
Non-revenue water
1.02 MLD
(21.61%)
Authorised consumption
Apparent losses
Real losses
Major source of water is River Krishna
Very less dependency on groundwater
7 private wells and 1 bore well near Siddhanath Wadi temple
A ground storage reservoir of capacity- 20,000 litres
ISSUES IN WATER SUPPLY
No Metering of the water connections provided
There is no metering of the water connections provided
Extent of Non-revenue water supply is as high as 21%
Extent of non-revenue water supply is as high as 21%
Cost recovery of water supply services is only 53%
Cost Recovery of water supply services is only 57%

7. SECTION II: SECTORAL ANALYSIS AND PLAN PROPOSALS
ACCESS TO SANITATION FACILITY (TOILETS) - HOUSEHOLD COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC SANITATION FACILITIES
WASTEWATER, SEPTAGE AND STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

8. Only 68% of household sanitation coverage.
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
HOUSEHOLD SANITATION
SANITATION VALUE CHAIN
User interface
Collection
Conveyance
Treatment
Reuse /Disposal
Pour flush latrine
Existing pit and septic tank with drain field
Open/covered drains
Into river or natural drain
No conveyance system in new developments
Only 68% of household sanitation coverage.
No periodical sludge removal through tanks/pits
Dumping along with solid waste
High dependency on community level sanitation in slum and non-slum areas
Old city area= Inadequate primary treatment but good conveyance system through open drains
Lack of 100% coverage of conveyance system
Lack of treatment facility
Lack of scientific disposal of septage
Inadequate sizes of septic tanks due to space constraints.
New developments= Improved primary treatment through septic tanks but no conveyance system through open drains
USER INTERFACE – SANITATION COVERAGE & ON-SITE DISPOSAL
KEY ISSUES IN HH SANITATION
Only 67% of coverage of household level sanitation facilities
Lack of household level sanitation facility in slums
Inadequate on-site primary treatment due to inadequate size of septic tanks which function as pits
Lack of provision of soak pits
No periodical cleaning of septic tanks
Discharge of untreated effluent into open drains

9. Both the Slums Covered Under IHSDP
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
SANITATION STATUS IN SLUMS AND PEOPLE’S PERCEPTION
SANITATION STATUS IN SLUMS
Slum area
Gurebazaar
Kashikapadi
Population
1328
812
Maintained by
ULB
Seats available 4 8
Demand gap
50 seats required
6 seats required
Both the Slums Covered Under IHSDP
PEOPLE’S PERCEPTION AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY (NON-SLUM AREA)
No.
Indicator %
Willing to pay for the facility 1
HH relying on community toilets
2435
32% 2
Sample size
240
10% of (1) 3
Preferred choices of sanitation facility in future/month
INR. 0-50
INR
INR 5
Community level toilet facility 96
40%
20%
80% -- 6
HH level toilet facility
144
60%
Capital cost up to 50% to be borne by ULB and rest by the users
Ready to pay Sanitation Tax after having the toilets constructed 7
Shared/group toilets
Having no assurance of maintenance responsibility by group members leading to strained personal relationships
People are ready to pay Sanitation Tax after having the toilets constructed
No HH level sanitation facility available in the Dense Areas of the town
PREFERRED CHOICES OF SANITATION FACILITY
Prabhag no.
Sample size (HH)
Preferred choices (%)
Remark HH CT 2 60
38% (24)
62% (36)
Densely located houses with space constraints at household level 3
80% (48)
20% (12)
Gangapuri (baudhwasti) area has no households without toilets 4
90% (54)
10% (6)
Most of the existing dwelling units are reconstructed with HH level toilets facility 5
30% (18)
70% (42)
Topographical constraints and unavailability of space is a prime issue

10. Community Toilet Details
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
COMMUNITY LEVEL SANITATION
LOCATION OF COMMUNITY TOILET BLOCKS
CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF CT BLOCKS
Community Toilet Details
Prabhag no. 1
Prabhag no. 2
Prabhag no. 3
Prabhag no. 4
Prabhag no. 5
Prabhag Households
1,524
1,491
1,826
1,438
1,464
No. of toilet blocks 5 8 10 11 12
No. of seats 28 57 45 72 51
No. of seats for men 15 22 34 25
No. of seats for women 13 29 23 38 26
Seats for children 1
No. of functional seats 43
Type of on-site treatment
Septic tank
Over 2,274 households rely on 46 community toilet blocks
Condition of community toilet blocks is good but no on-site treatment due to lack of periodical maintenance
About 2,274 households rely on community toilets. There are about 47 community toilet blocks in the city with 253 functional seats
EXISTING WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
User interface
Collection
Conveyance
Treatment
Reuse /Disposal
Pour flush latrine
Existing Pit and Septic tank with
drain field
Open/covered drains
No treatment
Into river or natural drain
ISSUES:
Lack of periodical maintenance resulting in degraded infrastructure resulting in open defecation practices
Inadequate human resource for maintenance of CTs
Increased load on O&M of the facility

11. PUBLIC LEVEL SANITATION
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
PUBLIC LEVEL SANITATION
WAI – MARKET AREA AND TEMPLE PRECINCT
Area
Existing toilets
Approx. no. of users
Market area
10 seats + 5 urinals available
/day
Bus stand
7 seats + 10 urinals available
500/day
Forest Department
2 seats available
50-75/day
PWD
3 seats- 2 functional seat
150/day
Tehsil office
Toilet in nearby residential area
Parking lot near Dholya Ganpati Mandir
No toilet facility
300/day-
Temple precincts
400/day-

12. Mitigate existing demand gaps
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENTS IN HOUSEHOLD LEVEL SANITATION
From Year 2013 till 2015
From Year 2015 till 2028
From Year 2028 till 2043
Short term
Mitigate existing demand gaps
Mid
term
Enhancing service level and coverage
Long term
Achieving sustainable models
Initiate promotion of household sanitation through IEC campaigns in non-slum area
Facilitating access to household toilets
Achieve 100% access to household level sanitation
Providing technical support for low-cost sanitation construction through involvement of NGOs.
Can be applied in Prabhag 3 (high demand for individual toilets)
IEC activity involves design, planning and implementation of IEC campaigns with required publicity materials
Encourage maximum access to household level sanitation and eliminate dependency on community toilet blocks, through providing technical support for construction of individual toilet with minimum space requirement
IEC activity for first 3 years of CSP implementation
Total IEC cost = Rs. 30 lakh (3 years)
Assuming the cost of one toilet with septic tank as Rs. 15,000
Total cost = Rs crore (private cost)
Introduce and implement fines for OD and urination in sanitation related bye-laws
Develop a strategy for improved septic tanks
To abolish the practice of open defecation, sanitation related bye-laws can be enforced
Provide technical support for construction of septic tanks during reconstruction of houses (Prabhag 1 & 4)
Detail assessment and development of a strategy for upgrading existing pits to septic tanks
About 1,112 toilets are needed for augmenting on-site disposal system to Septic Tank
Total cost = Rs crore (private cost)

13. Reduce open defecation & increase accessibility
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMUNITY LEVEL SANITATION
From Year 2013 till 2015
From Year 2015 till 2028
From Year 2028 till 2043
Short term
Reduce open defecation & increase accessibility
Mid
term
Reducing dependency on community toilet blocks
Long term
Eliminating reliance on Community Toilet blocks
Interim CTs in slums
Reducing dependency on CT blocks
Achieve 100% access to household level sanitation and eliminate dependency on CT blocks
Though slums will be rehabilitated under IHSDP, this will take 3-4 years. Till then, the practice of OD can be reduced by increasing dependency on existing community toilet blocks
In long run it is expected to reduce the dependency on CTs and in turn reduce the percentage of open defecation. Also, reduction in operational costs for maintaining the CTs is envisaged.
Encourage maximum access to household level sanitation and eliminate dependency on community toilet blocks, through providing technical support for construction of individual toilet with minimum space requirement
Refurbish CTs in non-slum areas
Detail assessment for dependency on CT blocks
Till 100%HH sanitation is achieved, the CT blocks are required to be rehabilitated
10 CT blocks from the high dependent prabhag 3 are to be rehabilitated first
Assuming access to individual toilets is increased, the dependency on existing community toilet blocks needs to be assessed
New models for public toilets
Having reduced dependency on CT blocks, some of the CT blocks near public spaces may be converted to public toilets
The cost of construction will be borne by local authority. The O&M cost will be recovered through levying user charges
Assuming the cost of rehabilitation of one toilet block as Rs lakhs
Total cost= Rs crore
Identify models for O&M of CT blocks
Practice of involving private service operator for regular O&M of community toilet blocks should be encouraged. The cost will be first borne by ULB and later, the model of levying user fee can be initiated

14. O&M (Expected Earning)
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
SUGGESTED STRATEGIES FOR PUBLIC SANITATION
SHORT TERM –
Mitigating existing gap through provision of adequate public toilet blocks
Well maintained blocks by developing user fee model for all the public places to sustain and maintain the hygiene level
Area(Existing toilets)
No. of users
Demand gap
Proposal
Cost in Rs.
O&M (Expected Earning)
Market area
(10 seats + 5 urinals available)
Approx /day
6 seats and 3 urinals required
1 Block with-
6 seats and 3 urinals
Rs. 5 lakhs
With Rs. 1/user, about Rs.500/ day (Rs. 15,000/ month) collected
Bus stand
(7 seats + 10 urinals available)
Approx. 500/day
3 seats required. Urinals are adequate as per norm
3 seats
Rs. 1.5 lakhs
With Rs. 1/user, about Rs.700/ day (Rs. 20,000/month) collected
Forest department
(2 seats available)
Approx.
50-75/day
1 urinal required
Since these campuses are closely placed, they can be provided with a common toilet block in either one of the premises or on the road
8 seats (4 male+4 female) and 6 urinals can be proposed
Rs. 4 lakhs
With Rs. 1/user, considering 500 users, about Rs.500/ day (Rs. 15,000/ month) collected
PWD
(3 seats- 2 functional available)
Approx. 150/day
3 seat and 3 urinals required
Tehsil office
Parking lot near Dholya Ganpati Mandir
Approx. 300/day-
no toilet facility
6 seats and 2 urinals required
14 seats (7 male+7 female) and 6 urinals
(Mobile toilet is suggested)
Rs. 6 lakhs
With Rs. 1 per user, considering 500 users, about Rs. 500/day (Rs. 15,000/ month) collected
Temple precincts
Approx. 400/day-
8 seats and 4 urinals required
Mitigating existing gap through provision of adequate public toilet blocks
Well maintained blocks by developing user fee model for all the public places to sustain and maintain the hygiene level
Initiating new models for public toilets (Policy level interventions)
Having reduced dependency on community toilets, some of the community toilets near public spaces may be converted to public toilets
MID TO LONG TERM –
Initiating new models for public toilets (Policy level interventions)
Having reduced dependency on community toilets, some of the community toilets near public spaces may be converted to public toilets

15. ACCESS TO TOILET FACILITY
Upgrading Community Toilet Blocks with improved infrastructure and on-site collection-treatment Rs crore
Promoting household level sanitation. Introducing low-cost toilet technologies (IEC activity)
Mobile toilets for temple precincts
Rs crore
Up gradation of septic tanks form pit toilets
Rs crore
(private cost)
New models for public toilets
Rs. 0.1 crore

16. WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

17. Wastewater Generation (MLD)
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
EXISTING SANITATION AND SEWERAGE
SANITATION VALUE CHAIN
User Interface
Collection
Conveyance
Treatment
Disposal/Reuse
EXISTING SCENARIO:
No dedicated sewerage system for domestic wastewater management
Septic tanks/pits are being only an on-site primary treatment mechanism
Open/partially covered drains collect and convey wastewater to River Krishna No
treatment of grey water from kitchen, bathrooms and other domestic usages
Open nallas get clogged due to solid waste dumping
Pour Flush toilets
Septic tanks/ Pits
Open/closed nallas
No treatment
River Krishna
SANITATION CLUSTERS
Cluster
Prabhag
Total Population
Wastewater Generation (MLD)
Cluster 1 1
6,607
0.71 2
6,916
0.75 3
7,805
0.84
  Total
21,328
2.30
Wastewater from drains flows untreated into the River and polluting it
Complete slope of the town towards River Krishna
Cluster 2  4
8,023
0.9
Ward 17 of Prabhag 5
2,443
0.3
  Total
 10,466
1.1
Cluster 3 
Ward 18 of Prabhag 5
2,491
0.3
Ward 5 of Prabhag 5
1,768
0.2
 Total
4,259 
0.5

18. SAMPLING OF WASTEWATER
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
SAMPLING OF WASTEWATER
Sample Location
BOD, mg/l
COD, mg/l
TSS, mg/l pH
DESIRED STANDARDS 30
250
600
Ganpati Ali. Near Nagar parishad 96
150 92
7.5
Kalwaat Ali
147
230
119
7.6
Old Bridge
201
380
332 6
Siddhanthwadi 36 59
51.6
7.4
River Krishna, Ganpati Mandir
9.3 28
17.6
7.3
Vishwakosh Ghat
4.2 13
7.8
Madhali Ali
153
260
5.7
Beyond CPCB effluent standards
Within the CPCB effluent standards

19. Newly developed colonies completely lack in conveyance system
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
EXISTING CONVEYANCE SYSTEM
COVERAGE OF WASTEWATER CONVEYANCE
KEY ISSUES
Old city area
Newly developing
colonies
Area with no network of conveyance system
Area with network of open and covered drain channels along roads
Prabhag boundary
Lacks in technical designs of conveyance system and relies on open drain channels along the streets
Lack of conveyance system for newly developing areas. Wastewater after primary treatment through septic tanks is discharged into open areas
No separate system of grey and black water. Both are discharged into open drain channels along streets
No treatment facility for domestic wastewater. Discharge of wastewater into natural drains lead to pollution
Disposal of solid waste into Nallas leads to water clogging
Lack of implementation and enforcement of building bye-laws
Newly developed colonies completely lack in conveyance system
In old city area, both grey and black water is discharged in the open drains along road without treatment
Lack of implementation and enforcement of building bye-laws
No. of Households
Waste outlet connected to Closed drains
Waste outlet connected to Open drains.
Waste outlet connected to No drains
7580
2644
4312
624

20. Grey water let in open drains
WASTEWATER CONVEYANCE SYSYEM

21. MP- UWSEIP- GWALIOR PROJECT CITY
RIVER POLLUTION DUE TO DISCHARGE OF UNTREATED WASTEWATER IS A PRIME CONCERN!!!
MP- UWSEIP- GWALIOR PROJECT CITY
Untreated wastewater polluting the built heritage and environment

22. (through natural drains)
USER INTERFACE
COLLECTION/ STORAGE
CONVEYANCE
(through natural drains)
TREATMENT/ DISPOSAL

23. USER INTERFACE
COLLECTION/ STORAGE
CONVEYANCE
TREATMENT/ DISPOSAL

24. SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENTS FOR WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENTS FOR WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
EXISTING SCENARIO
Old town
New development
Density
High-medium density
Medium-low density
Development pattern
Organic congested development
Planned plotted layouts
Road pattern
Organic pattern
Planned network
On-site treatment
Pits below superstructure
Septic tanks
Existing conveyance
Open and closed drains along the roads
Kattcha Nallas or no drains
Existing treatment and disposal
Without treatment discharged into River Krishna
Old town
New developments

25. PROPOSED SANITATION VALUE CHAIN
User interface
On-site collection
Conveyance
Treatment
Disposal
OLD TOWN
Pour flush latrines
Septic tanks/Pits
Natural Drain/ Into River Krishna
No treatment
Open/Closed drains
EXISTING SANITATION VALUE CHAIN
No treatment
Pour flush latrines
Septic tanks in future developments
Septic tanks in existing developments
Into the river
No treatment
Rehabilitation of roadside drains
Initiate intercepting sewer connecting rehabilitated drains
SHORT TERM INTERVENTIONS
No treatment
Into the river
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

26. PROPOSED SANITATION VALUE CHAIN
User interface
On-site collection
Conveyance
Treatment
Disposal
OLD TOWN
Pour flush latrines
Septic tanks in future developments
Septic tanks in existing new developments
Agricultural use
MMBRT
As proposed in NRAP
Upgrading existing rehabilitated drains to Settled Sewer System
MID TERM INTERVENTION
Agricultural use
NEWLY DEVELOPED AREA & FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
Pour flush latrines
Septic tanks
Natural Drain/ Into River Krishna
No treatment
No conveyance/Kattcha nalla
EXISTING SANITATION VALUE CHAIN
Pour flush latrines
Septic tanks in future developments
Septic tanks in existing new developments
Into the river
MMRBT as proposed in NRAP
Settled sewer system
SHORT / MID TERM INTERVENTIONS
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

27. WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT – SETTLED SEWER
Rehabilitating existing drains
(Rs crore)
Upgrading existing rehabilitated drains to Settled Sewer System (Rs crore)
Settled Sewer System – NRAP Scheme
(Rs. 2.9 crore)
Interceptor sewer
(Rs. 4 crore)

28. ON-SITE SANITATION SYSTEM
User interface
Collection
Conveyance
Treatment
Reuse/disposal
Centralised or decentralised
fecal sludge treatment facility
Reuse for industrial/
agriculture/ energy conversion
Septic tank
Effluent disposed through soak pit
Vacuum suction
emptier trucks/trolley
To achieve . . .
Universal access to toilets
Universal access to improved septic tanks & soak pits
Safe conveyance of septage for treatment/reuse
Adequate treatment of septage
Economic revenue from reuse of treated septage
By what means . . .
Individual toilet
Community toilet
Public toilet
Bathrooms
New/refurbishment of septic tanks
Connection of septic tank and grey water to household/ community level soak pits
Possibility of DEWATS
Provision of adequate vacuum suction emptier trucks and a regulated service
Possibility of outsourcing services to private sector
Provision treatment facility like sludge drying beds for collected septage
Decentralised treatment sites to reduce transportation cost
Revenue from sale of treated septage for agriculture purpose or conversion to energy

29. EXPLORING A CITYWIDE OSS PROPOSAL
User Interface
Collection
Conveyance
Treatment
Reuse / disposal
Universal access to toilets
Universal access to improved septic tanks & soak pits
Safe conveyance of septage for treatment/reuse
Adequate treatment of septage
Economic revenue from treated septage
New individual toilets (2,093), public toilet (4 block) and refurbishment of community toilets (46 blocks)
Up-gradation (716) and refurbishment (886) of non-functional septic tanks
New soak pits (5,333)
Additional emptier trucks (2) with linked service
Treatment of fecal sludge (3,505 sq mt)
Income through sale of compost (1,618 tonne/year sold at Rs. 500/tonne) or for energy
Promotion programme for use of toilets, ‘septic tank conversion’ and Ongoing regulatory monitoring
Rs. 5.1 crore
Public funds (subsidy), micro credit, PPP
Rs. 2.5 crore
Public funds (subsidy), micro credit, household own funds
Rs. 0.2 crore
Public funds, PPP, private entrepreneur
0.1 crore
Public funds, PPP, private entrepreneur
Public funds, PPP, private entrepreneur
Business model for community/public toilets, explore microcredit options
Develop separate or integrated business models for septic tank emptying, treatment and explore option for reuse or energy conversion

30. Decentralised fecal sludge treatment facility
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT – ON-SITE SANITATION OPTION
Decentralised fecal sludge treatment facility

31. Financial Aspects Sanitation Score Other consideration
COMPARISON OF WASTEWATER OPTIONS
Aspects
OPTION 1
OPTION 2
Description of Option
Citywide Settled Sewer
On-site Sanitation System
Financial Aspects
Capital Costs
Rs crore
Rs. 5.4 crore
O&M Costs (average/ annum)
Rs. 1.0 crore
Rs. 0.3 crore
Revenues (average/ annum)
Project Period
5 Years
4 Years
Sanitation Score
Access
Both options will have the same outcomes as per NUSP
“Universal Access to All and 100 % sanitized city”
Waste management
Other consideration
Institutional
Required technical knowledge for implementation and operation of this project
Flexibility
Can be easily extended to new areas, possibility of DEWATS in some areas
Funding options
Grants funding is essential
Can be funded from ULB funds
Other parameters
Appropriate design essential
Need to assess soil permeability and water table levels for this proposal

32. No dedicated storm water management system
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
Slope
No dedicated storm water management system
Considerable rainfall and hilly area on south west adding loads of storm water
The natural slope of the town is towards the river that facilitate the flow of storm water as well as sewage into the Krishna River
PARAMETERS
ZONE 1
ZONE 2
Population
28,795 (Prabhag 4 and 5)
7,655 (Prabhag 1,2 and 3)
Area
688 Ha
750 Ha
Length of nalla
25603 m
6700 m
Quantity (Q)
87.14 cu m sec
95 cu m sec
Run- off
87,140 lps
95,000 lps
Total (run off sewage)
87, lps
95, lps
KEY ISSUES
No dedicated system for storm water collection, conveyance and treatment. Road side drains carry storm & wastewater
Solid waste disposal in natural drains and river leads to environment degradation

33. Level of interventions
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENTS FOR STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
SUGGESTED STRATEGIES
Natural drains in the municipal limits and in urban area to be de-silted, dredged/excavated and rehabilitated to achieve the desired cross-section
Natural drains outside the municipal boundary and in green fields to be de-silted and excavated to remove any obstructions in the flow coming from hilly areas in south-west side
For the drainage system in Prabhag 1,2 and 3, it is proposed to rehabilitate the existing drains along the road as per desired section to carry storm and wastewater both and cover them in phased manner
Item
Level of interventions
Cost
(Rs. in crore)
Pilot
Short term
Midterm
Long Term
Base year (2013)
2 years (2015)
15 Years (2028)
15 Years (2043)
De-silting of the drains up to 0.75 m
0.80
Rehabilitation of the drains with RCC
0.59

34. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

35. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Regular collection
TRANSPORTATION
TREATMENT
DISPOSAL
COLLECTION
Residential areas
81% Door to Door collection
Dumping ground
(3 km away from town)
Non-residential areas
6 Ghatagadis
Collection in community bins
Open dumps/ Nallas/ drains
Tractor trailer/Dumper Placer
Partial collection
No treatment
2.5 MT/day Uncollected waste
Door to door Collection
Collection in bins
Dumping ground
Dumping along natural drains
Collection from bins
Dumping in river Krishna

36. 81% coverage by door to door collection
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
SOLID WASTE GENERATION
81% coverage by door to door collection

37. Treatment and disposal
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF SOLID WASTE
Door to Door Collection by Ghantagadis:
81% of waste collection from residential area
Around 2-3 trips of total 6 Ghantagadis are used for D2D collection of waste
The trips of vehicles vary depending upon solid waste generation per day
The vehicles are emptied at the existing dumping ground – located 3 km away North of the town
Route of Ghantagadis
Areas not covered
under D to D
Institutional
areas
Newly developed areas not covered by door to door collection.
Existing contracts for door to door collection
Coverage by private contractor is 80% HHs
The contract is in operation since year 2008 and renewed every year
Till 2012, the amount paid was Rs 72,000 per month but for it is fixed as Rs. 65,000 per month
Role of ULB – Provision of equipments
Role of contractor- provision of labours and O&M of Ghantagadis
Area
Collection
Transportation No
Treatment and disposal
Residential area
Door to door (D2D) – coverage 81%
3 wheeler auto tipper 6
Dumping ground located 3 km away north of the town
Residential (uncovered by D2D) and non-residential area
Waste bins from residential and non-residential area
dumper placer 1
Open dumps
Tractor trailer
Along road side drains

38. Insufficient vehicles resulting in waste left unattended
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF SOLID WASTE
Waste collection from community bins and open dumps
95 bins of 0.25 MT capacity placed at 85 locations along roads in all the Prabhags by WNP
Waste from these bins is collected by dumper placer
Dumper placer covers around bins in 3 trips to the dumping ground
Areas unserved by Ghantagadis (New developments from Prabhag 2, 4 & 5) use community waste bins
Community bins
Open dumps
Street sweeping
A daily activity except for Sundays and government holidays
3 supervisors and 42 workers from sanitation department of WMC work in market areas and commercial streets
Street sweepers dump the collected waste in nearby community waste bins
Dumping of waste in river and natural drains
No bins provided at regular intervals - solid waste dumping results in clogging of nallas
Nalla cleaning
Workers from sanitation department of ULB clean about 400 m nallas every day
No provision of river cleaning
Collected waste transported by 1 tractor trailer
Since, 1 tractor proves to be insufficient, the collected waste is left unattended for 3-4 days
Insufficient vehicles resulting in waste left unattended
Dumping of waste in road side drains
Contracts for nalla cleaning and road sweeping
Hiring of Labor on contract basis for nalla cleaning and road sweeping for 2 months prior to monsoon and for about a month during major festivals
The contractor was paid Rs. 1,200 per trip but now fixed at Rs. 1,500 per trip
WNP is falling short of 15 people for nalla cleaning

39. Infrastructure is available but plant is not in operation
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT – SEGREGATION, TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF WASTE
Waste collection and (informal segregation) by informal groups
About 50 people divided into 2 groups for collection of waste in segregated manner
Rag pickers – Recyclable waste collection randomly from waste bins and open dump sites
Feriwallas – recyclable waste collection from residential areas
About 100kg of recyclable materials like glass, paper, plastic bottles and other scrap is collected everyday
Waste Collected
Quantity
Earning/month by rag pickers
Plastic
500 kg/ month
Earning by rag pickers =
3,000-5,000
Earning by private contractor =
Rs. 40,000-50,000
Glass
Glass bottles
17,000-20,000/month
Dumping ground – 3km away from the city
Treatment and disposal
Dumping ground is located 3 km north of the town
No scientific treatment and disposal techniques
Collected waste dumped without segregation
Infrastructure is available but plant is not in operation
Vermi composting plant-
Waste of 20 MT per month treated which involves manual segregation
Managed in year by private contractor on a contract basis for Rs. 95,000 per month including the labour cost and machine
The vermi-compost pit installed by the ULB was to be operated by the contractor
Approx. earning of ULB Rs 15,000 per month (30% of the income from the sale of vermi-compost)
Due to issue of timely payments and management, plant is not in use
Vermi compost plant
Vermi-composting is re-operationalised after preparation of City Sanitation Plan

40. Improving D2D coverage from 80% upto 100%
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT – KEY ISSUES AND SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENTS
COLLECTION
TRANSPORTATION
TREATMENT
DISPOSAL
KEY ISSUES
81% D2D coverage
Slum areas and new developments are not covered
Irregular practice of Nalla cleaning and its waste collection
No Segregation of the waste at source
Inadequate human resource for daily collection of waste
Lack of adequate infrastructure for transportation of collected waste
Issue of management of available of vehicles
Vermi-composting plant is not in operation
Presence of open drains increases the practice of dumping of waste into nallas
No scientific treatment facility
No segregation of the waste at source
Lack of scientific method of disposing the waste.
At present waste is burnt in open land and dumped on wasteland
Improving D2D coverage from 80% upto 100%
Augmenting number of vehicles
Periodical cleaning of nallas
STRATEGY
Short term
Mitigating existing gap
Operationalising existing vermi-composting plant
Increase coverage of D2D service to 100%
Initiate pilot for central commercial area with involvement of CBO/ women welfare/ SHG
Initiate of pilot project for segregation at source
Provision of 1 auto-tipper used for door to door collection
Implement user charges for SWM towards achieving O&M cost recovery
Restoring existing vermi-composting plant
Developing landfill site
Augment required human resource and experts on contractual manner
Developing a regional approach- Considering the regional urban centres near Wai
Midterm
Upgrade service level and increase coverage
Explore scope for using SHGs/NGOs, CBO’s rag pickers in D2D collection/segregation
Introduce contractual arrangement for D2D collection, street sweeping and cleaning of drains
Formulate/enforce bye-laws and guidelines to prohibit littering
Augment vehicles for collection and transportation of solid waste according to population growth
Implement user charges for solid waste management services
Initiate citywide segregation of waste at source through involvement of NGOS, CBOs, Self Help Groups, informal groups, etc.
Can rag pickers be involved in segregation practices?
Exploring alternatives to involve CBOs/SHGs to promote household level segregation
Long term
Achieve long term sustainability

41. Rs. 30.7 crores Rs. 2 crores SANITATION PROPOSALS User interface
Collection
Conveyance
Treatment
Reuse/disposal
Access to Toilets and Wastewater Proposal
Refurbishment of all community toilets in Slum and Non-slum areas (Rs. 3.4 crore)
Provision of individual toilets with septic tanks in Prabhag 3 for 2,093 HHs with Rs. 15,000 per HH
(Rs crore)
Continue with existing model of outsourcing O&M of CT
Provision of New Public toilets in market and institutional area
(Rs crore)
Up gradation and Refurbishment of Septic Tanks
(Rs crore)
Identify new models for O & M of CTs and explore CSR options for PT
Rehabilitation and closing of drains
(Rs crore)
Initiating Citywide Settled Sewer Network
(Rs crore)
IEC campaigns
Introduce Integrated Contracts for SWM and drain cleaning
Interceptor Sewer along river bank connecting to Treatment Plant (Rs. 4 crore)
Empanel service providers and regulate tariffs for de-sludging/ cleaning
De-silting & Rehabilitation of natural drains (Rs crore)
Centralised Treatment Facility (MBBR Technology) under NRAP Scheme
(Rs. 12 crore)
Reuse for Agriculture and Irrigation Purposes
Rs crores
Solid Waste Management
Increasing Door to Door collection of waste in Slums and Newly Developing Areas (Rs crore)
Rs. 2 crores
Augmentation of Vehicles
(Rs crore)
Restoring Treatment Plant (Rs crore)
Developing inert landfill site (Rs crore)
Initiating Pilot for Segregation of Waste at source (Prabhag 4) (Rs crore)
IEC campaigns

42. Summary of finances after recasting
WAI: SUMMARY OF BUDGETS
Summary of finances after recasting
Rs. in crore
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Items
Actual RE
Opening Balance
0.79
3.65
3.14
0.24
1.67
Revenue Account
Revenue Receipts
4.92
4.59
5.80
5.93
7.26
10.81
Revenue Expenditure
4.45
4.94
5.47
7.98
10.35
Operating ratio
0.74
0.97
0.85
0.92
1.10
0.96
Capital Account
Capital Receipts
3.71
1.58
1.51
4.64
0.99
8.85
Capital Expenditure
1.86
1.62
3.88
0.56
10.60
Capital Utilisation
50%
102%
257%
79%
57%
120%
Extra-ordinary Account
Extraordinary Receipts
0.73
0.80
1.42
1.53
5.06
1.55
Extraordinary Expenditure
0.98
1.41
2.81
1.54
2.75
4.30
Summary
Total Receipts
9.35
6.97
8.73
12.10
13.31
21.21
Total Expenditure
6.49
7.48
11.63
10.66
11.29
25.25
The municipal expenses have increased from Rs. 6.5 crore in to Rs crore in registering a CAGR of 15%
Similarly, municipal receipts have increased from Rs crore to Rs crore recording a CAGR of 9%

43. Almost all the capital works are carried out from grants
WAI: O&M EXPENSES
Property and water taxes are the major taxes levied by WNP
Major grants include NP assistance grant, DA grant
Grant in lieu of Octroi and 12th Finance Commission (FC) grants were major which have ceased
Other sources include rents from properties, service charges, license fees, etc.
Almost all the capital works are carried out from grants
51% of revenue expenses are towards public health of which water supply and sanitation is a part
46% of overall revenue expenses are towards permanent establishments

44. WAI: WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION (WSS) FINANCES
WSS contributes only 12% towards overall revenue receipts but 37% of the revenue expenses
Water tax (Rs. 1,100 per connection per annum) and 12th FC solid waste management grants are major streams but 12th FC grants have ceased
Collection efficiency of water tax is only 63% compared to 84% collection efficiency of property tax
Around 40% expenses in WSS are towards establishments
43% of expenses in water supply are towards bulk water. The budget has no separate item for electricity
Per capita spending on WSS (Rs. 880) is 21% higher than that suggested by High Powered Expert Committee (HPEC), 2011 (Rs. 730)

45. Financing Plan for Wai CSP is prepared for three scenarios
WAI: MUNICIPAL FINANCE FORECASTS
The Revenue expenses will grow at CAGR of 4.7%,
Whereas the revenue receipts at 9.5 %
The budget size will grow to more than Rs. 22 crore by 2022 recoding a CAGR of 6% from the last actual figure
The revenue receipts will grow to around Rs crore against expenses of Rs crore in 2022
The revenue surplus is projected to be around Rs 7.7 crore after covering water supply and sanitation deficit of more than Rs. 5 crore
Past trends
Future projections
‘Business as Usual’ with committed National River Action Plan (NRAP) Programme
Full CSP (+NRAP Programme)
Comparison of wastewater systems–
a) Citywide settled sewer system (SSS)
b) On-site sanitation system (OSS)
Financing Plan for Wai CSP is prepared for three scenarios

46. Impact of NRAP Programme on Revenue Account
I) BUSINESS AS USUAL – NRAP PROGRAMME
Wastewater conveyance and treatment project under
NRAP programme
Computerisation of water supply and sanitation records
is also under process and initiated by state government
Project cost
Rs. 16 cr
State government share – 90%
Rs cr
ULB share – 10%
Rs. 1.6 cr
Year -wise Capex required. Additional O&M and revenue expected to be generated
Impact of NRAP Programme on Revenue Account
Revenue account will continue to show surplus after the NRAP Programme is implemented

47. Water supply Wastewater Solid waste
II) FULL CSP (INCLUDING TOILETS, WASTEWATER, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, WATER SUPPLY, NRAP PROGRAMME) - 1
Water supply
Water supply augmentation network
Slum infrastructure
Water audit
Convert public stand posts to group connection
Improve collection efficiency of water supply taxes and charges
Wastewater
Household survey
Refurbish septic tanks
Community and public toilets
Individual toilet provision
Sewerage network
Settled sewer
Suction emptier trucks
Interceptor sewer
Wastewater treatment facility
Storm water drains
De-silting and rehabilitation of drains
IEC campaign
Solid waste
Segregation of waste
Collection bins
Private contract for D2D solid waste collection
New vehicles for solid waste transportation
Repair existing processing plant
IEC campaign

48. Revenue Income and Expenditure
II) FULL CSP (INCLUDING TOILETS, WASTEWATER, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, WATER SUPPLY, NRAP PROGRAMME) - 2
Revenue Income and Expenditure
Surplus/(Deficit) of Revenue Account
Surplus reduces with implementation of NRAP projects

49. Water supply and sanitation operating plan
II) FULL CSP (INCLUDING TOILETS, WASTEWATER, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, WATER SUPPLY, NRAP PROGRAMME) -3
Water supply and sanitation operating plan
Increment in tariff required to sustain operating costs
Property tax, water supply tax, wastewater tax and solid waste charges
Water supply and sanitation capital plan
Grants of around Rs. 25 crore is required to implement all the proposals of CSP

50. COMPARISON OF COSTS FOR WASTEWATER TECHNOLOGIES
III) COMPARING WASTEWATER (WITH TOILETS) PROPOSALS- 1
COMPARISON OF COSTS FOR WASTEWATER TECHNOLOGIES
a) Citywide settled sewer system (SSS)
b) On-site Sanitation System
Status of Revenue Account

51. a) Citywide settled sewer system (SSS) b) On-site sanitation system
III) COMPARING WASTEWATER (WITH TOILETS) PROPOSALS- 2
a) Citywide settled sewer system (SSS)
~ Rs. 1.1 crore/annum operating expenditure
Rs crore capital expenditure requirement
b) On-site sanitation system
~ Rs. 1.0 crore/annum operating expenditure
Rs. 26 crore capital expenditure requirement

52. Tariff increase required Sources of funds (Rs. in crore)
FINANCING PLAN SUMMARY FOR CSP
CSP options
Capital Finances
Operating Finances
Tariff increase required
Base tariff =
Rs. 2,182/HH/
annum
Sources of funds (Rs. in crore)
Average per annum
(Rs. in crore)
Grants
ULB funds
Private (HHs, PPP, micro -credit)
Total Capex
Additional Opex
Additional Revenue
Internal funds
Debt
I) Business as Usual (BAU) scenario with committed projects
17.30
3.80
0.00
21.1
0.93
0.07 -
II) Full CSP proposal with water supply actions
25.00
14.00
2.30
41.3
1.50
0.30
Rs. 2,768 (27%)
III) Proposal with only wastewater technology options
A. Citywide settled sewer
22.50
7.70
30.5
1.10
0.17
B. On-site sanitation system
17.40
7.40
1.20
26.0
1.00

53. Capital cost assumption Operating cost assumption
ASSUMPTIONS FOR CSP ACTIONS
CSP Actions - WAI
Capital cost assumption
Operating cost assumption
Funding source
(All costs in Rs. in crore)
Unit costs
Capex
Unit cost
O&M
Grants
ULB
Private
Committed projects
Intercepting sewer along river under NRAP
Rs. 50 lakhs/km
4.00
5% of capex
90%
10% -
Wastewater treatment plant under NRAP
Rs. 240 lakhs/MLD
16.00
7% of capex
Slum infrastructure (342 HHs water supply + toilets) under IHSDP
No details available
Computerisation of water supply and sanitation records
0.33
Rs lakhs/ year
Water supply actions
Laying new distribution network lines (1,500 connections, 11 km)
Rs. 20 lakhs/km
2.20
Increasing connections from existing water supply network (500 connections)
Convert public stand posts/public taps into group connections
Water Audit
0.09
100%
Improvement in collection efficiency of water supply charges and taxes
Sanitation actions
Conduct household survey to assess wastewater service
Rs. 15/ HH
0.01
Construct new soak pits (5,333)
Rs. 3,000/ soak pit
1.60
50%
Provision of safe sanitation disposal system to existing unsanitary toilets (20% septic tanks of individual toilets – 1,112 + upgradation of septic tanks all 46 CTs + upgrade 490 to septic tanks for OSS only)
Rs. 5,000/individual toilet septic tank Rs. 10,000/
CT septic tank
2.20 (Settled) 2.44
(OSS)
Improve condition of existing community and public toilets (10 blocks)
Rs. 3 lakhs/block
0.30
Rs. 5,000/ block/month (for all CT & PT)
Construction of community and public toilets (4 PTs, 31 seats)
4.25 lakhs/ block
0.17
Rs. 5000/block/ month
Construction of additional individual toilets in non-sewered areas (2093 toilets in non-slums)
15,000/ toilet
3.14
IEC campaigns for ODF cities
0.23

54. Capital cost assumption Operating cost assumption
ASSUMPTIONS FOR CSP ACTIONS
CSP Actions - WAI
Capital cost assumption
Operating cost assumption
Funding source
(All costs in Rs. in crore)
Unit costs
Capex
Unit cost
O&M
Grants
ULB
Private
Wastewater actions
Upgradation of open drains to closed drains
Rs. 7.5 lakhs/ km
1.65 -
100%
Citywide settled sewer (56.6 km)
Rs lakhs/km
4.60
2% of capex
90%
10%
Increase collection of septage from current collection capacity (additional 25 trips/ month)
Rs. 100/ trip
Procurement of suction emptier trucks
Rs lakhs/ truck
0.20
10% of capex
Construction of sludge treatment facility
Rs lakhs/cu. m
0.10
5% of capex
De-silting and rehab of natural drains
1.38
Solid waste actions
Conduct household survey to assess solid waste service
Rs / HH
0.01
Segregation of waste collection and transportation
Rs / HH
Engage with private service providers for sold waste management (1,300 HHs)
Rs lakhs/ month
(Rs. 92/ HH)
IEC campaign for compliance and segregation
0.15
Procurement of new vehicles solid waste collection
Rs lakhs/
auto tipper
0.035
Repairing of existing processing plant
0.02
Rs. 95,000/ month
(Rs. 15,000/ month as revenue)

55. Thank you CITY SANITATION PLAN, WAI
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED