1. Age of Exploration & Expansion 1500-1800
Chapter 13, sec 1

2. Driving Motivations: Means: Effects: Why do you want to drive a car?
What types of things do you have to have to drive a car?
Effects:
What are the positive effects? Negative effects of driving a car?

3. The Motives (Why they wanted to explore)
Marco Polo’s writings about Asia
Need a sea route because of Ottoman Empire
Spices found in the East used to flavor and preserve food
God-convert natives to Catholicism
Glory-adventure and praise
Gold-finding precious metals & expanding trade.

4. Marco Polo’s Writings

5. Ottoman Dominance

6. Exotic Spices

7. The Means (How were they able to explore)
New technology
Cartography (the art & science of mapmaking) had been developed by the Arabs
Compass-showed ship’s direction
Astrolabe-showed ship’s latitude
Better ships
Established European monarchies
Especially Spain & Portugal & England

8. Portuguese Trading Empire
1420 Prince Henry the Navigator sponsors exploration along the western coast of Africa
Gold is discovered— becomes known as Gold Coast
1488 Bartholomeu Diaz rounds the Cape of Good Hope looking for route to India
1498 Vasco de Gama made the trip to the port of Calcutta—spice cargo = huge profits
Ports set up in Goa, on Malay Peninsula, and the Moluccas or Spice Islands.
Portuguese force Arabs out of control of the spice trade.
No intention of colonization— trading posts only

9. African Gold Coast

10. Bartholomeu Diaz

11. Voyages to the New World
Spanish--Columbus looks for route to Asia by sailing west instead of around Africa.
1492 Columbus reaches Americas, explores Cuba, Haiti (Hispaniola)
Believes he has reached Asia; reaches all major islands of Caribbean and Honduras—calls them all Indies (India)
English—John Cabot explores coastline of New England

12. Voyages to the New World cont.
Portugal—Pedro Cabral & Amerigo Vespucci in South America
Dutch—explore & claim Hudson River and present day New York
Treaty of Tordesillas
set up by Spain & Portugal
new territory claimed is determined by a north to south line through the Atlantic Ocean and South America

13. The Spanish Empire Conquistadors-Spanish conquerors of the Americas.
Cortes conquers Aztecs
Pizzaro conquers Incas
Queen Isabella declares natives her subjects
grants Spanish encomienda-right to use natives as laborers
settlers use Indians brutally
Spain sets up colonies throughout New World—missionaries, dioceses, parishes, schools, hospitals

14. The “Columbian Exchange”
Effects:
Native populations virtually destroyed by starvation, disease, and brutality.
Natives forced to accept European systems
Europe gains gold, silver, & many products
European rivalries deepen
Monarchies become stronger due to trade and colonization