1. Monday, April 24th-Welcome Back!! 
CNN
Go over tests-give out test corrections
War-torn Brainstorm-
“12 Years a Slave”

2. Tuesday, April 25th
CNN
Intro Notes-Nation in Peril
“12 Years a Slave”

3. Unit 5: THE UNION IN PERIL

4. THE DIVISIVE POLITICS OF SLAVERY
Over the centuries, the Northern and Southern sections of the United States developed into two very different cultural and economic regions
There were also differences in geography and climate, as well as religious differences

5. THE SOUTH BEFORE THE WAR
Rural plantation economy
Relied on slave labor
“Peculiar Institution” created tension
Southerners feared the loss of slavery would mean loss of culture
Family working the cotton field on a Plantation

6. The South

7. THE NORTH BEFORE THE WAR
The North had a more diverse economy
Industry flourished
The North openly opposed slavery in the South and the new territories
The North was more urbanized than the South
BOSTON HARBOR

8. The North

9. SLAVERY IN THE TERRITORIES
Wilmot Proviso – attempt to ban slavery in lands gained in Mexican War – defeated!!
Gold rush led to application for statehood for California
CALIFORNIA BECAME A STATE IN 1850

10. COMPROMISE OF 1850 Southerners threatened secession over issue
Henry Clay again worked a Compromise
For the North: California would be admitted as free state
For the South: A more effective fugitive slave law
Residents of New Mexico & Utah would vote themselves-”popular sovereignty”
CONGRESSIONAL DEBATE

12. FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW
Under the law, runaway slaves were not entitled to a trial by jury
Anyone helping a slave escape was jailed for 6 months and fined $1,000
Northerners were upset by the harshness of the new law and often helped hide fugitive slaves
A HARSH FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW FURTHER INCREASED TENSIONS

13. UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
Escape from slavery was dangerous and meant traveling on foot at night
As time went on, African Americans and white abolitionists developed a secret network of people who would hide fugitive slaves
”Conductors” would hide runaways in tunnels and even kitchen cupboards

15. HARRIET TUBMAN One of the most famous conductors was Harriet Tubman
Tubman escaped slavery and vowed to help others do the same
She made 19 trips back to South and freed over 300 slaves (Including her own parents)
HARRIET TUBMAN

16. UNCLE TOM’S CABIN
In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe published her influential novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin
The book stressed the moral evil of slavery
Abolitionist protests increased
Instant best seller sold 500,000 by 1857
Author Harriet Beecher Stowe

17. TENSION BUILDS IN KANSAS
After Stephen Douglas worked to pass the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, Kansas would vote to decide on whether slavery would be legal or outlawed
Popular Sovereignty
This contradicted the 36’ 30’ of the Missouri Compromise

18. BLEEDING KANSAS
The race for Kansas was on. Both supporters and opponents attempted to populate Kansas to win the vote over slavery
As the election neared, a group of pro-slavery “border ruffians” from Missouri attempted to cross into Kansas
Violence erupted – Bleeding Kansas is the legacy – over 50 dead
Finally, after years of fighting, Kansas is admitted as a free state in 1861

19. Violence in the Senate
Senator Charles Sumner verbally attacks colleague
for his stance on slavery
Preston S. Brooks beats Sumner for insulting his uncle
Southerners applaud Brooks
Northerners condemn him

20. THE FREE-SOILERS “Soil”
The Free-Soil Party objections to slavery was not a moral objection to slavery
They believed slavery drove down wages for white workers
“Soil”

21. REPUBLICANS EMERGE AS LEADING PARTY
In 1854, opponents of slavery in the territories formed a new political party, the Republican Party
Goal: Stop the spread of slavery!
Republicans won all but 3 presidential elections from

22. THE DRED SCOTT DECISION
Dred Scott was taken by his owner to free states Illinois & Wisconsin
Scott argued that that made him a free man
In 1857, the Court ruled against Dred Scott citing the Constitution’s protection of property
Another ruling against the Missouri Compromise
DRED SCOTT LOST HIS CHANCE AT FREEDOM

23. LINCOLN – DOUGLAS DEBATES
The 1858 race for U.S. Senate in Illinois was hotly contested between Rep. Abe Lincoln and Dem. Stephen Douglas
Slavery in the territories was debated
Douglas favored popular sovereignty while Lincoln was against the spread of slavery
Douglas wins!
“THE LITTLE GIANT” VS. “HONEST ABE”

24. HARPER’S FERRY John Brown plotted a major slave revolt
On October 16, 1859, he led a band of 21 men, black and white, into Harpers Ferry, Virginia
He hoped to seize a large federal arsenal, but troops put down the rebellion
Brown was tried and executed
View as a martyr in the North
ARSENAL
BROWN

25. 1860 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
Republicans nominated Abe Lincoln while the Democrats split
Lincoln won the 1860 election with less than half the popular vote and no Southern electoral votes
Last straw for the South
LINCOLN MEMORIAL

26. 1860 ELECTION RESULTS

27. SOUTHERN SECESSION
Lincoln’s victory in 1860 election convinced Southerners that they to secede
South Carolina led the way, seceding from the union in December of 1860
Confederate States are formed with Jefferson Davis as President