1. 2010/10/5 Grade 10 Ryoko Aoki
Noble Gases
~Chemical Family Research~

2. Contents What is Noble Gases? Description of Each Elements
Similarities of the elements in Noble gases family
The Electron Configuration & formation of ion
Historical explanation
Bibliography

3. What is Noble Gases?
Noble Gases are a family, which are in Group 18 in the periodic table. There are six of them, and it is also considered as “Inert Gases”, because it does not react with other elements(stable).
Again, noble gases are relatively inactive. They have low boiling points, and are gases,with room temperature.
Elements in Noble Gases
Helium(He)
Neon(Ne)
Argon(Ar)
Krypton(Kr)
Xenon(Xe)
Radon(Rn)

4. Description of Each Elements -Helium-
Symbol:He
Atomic number:2
Atomic mass: amu
Number of protons/electrons:2
Number of neutrons:2
Color:colorless
Electron Configuration: 1s²
Usage:balloons, deep sea diving

5. Neon Neon Symbol:Ne Atomic number:10 Atomic mass:20.1797 amu
Number of protons/electrons:10
Number of neutrons:10
Color:Colorless
Electron Configuration:1s2,2s2,2p6
Usage:Lighting

6. Argon Argon Symbol:Ar Atomic number:18 Atomic mass:39.948 amu
Number of protons/electrons:18
Number of neutrons:22
Color: Colorless
Electron Configuration:1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3p6
Usage:Lighting
Argon has approximately the same
solubility in water as oxygen gas
and is 2.5 times more soluble in water
than nitrogen gas.

7. Krypton Krypton Symbol: Kr Atomic Number: 36 Atomic Mass: 83.8 amu
Number of Protons/Electrons: 36
Number of Neutrons: 48
Color: colorless gas
Electron Configuration:1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3p6,4s2, 3d10, 4p6
Usage:Lighting

8. Xenon Xenon Symbol: Xe Atomic Number: 54 Atomic Mass: 131.29 amu
Number of Protons/Electrons: 54
Number of Neutrons: 77
Color: Colorless Gas
Electron Configuration:1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3p6,4s2, 3d10, 4p6, 5s2, 4d10, 5p6
Usage:Powerful lumps, bubble chambers

9. Radon Radon Symbol: Rn Atomic Number: 86 Atomic Mass: (222.0) amu
Number of Protons/Electrons: 86
Number of Neutrons: 136
Color: colorless
Electron Configuration:1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3p6,4s2, 3d10, 4p6, 5s2, 4d10, 5p6, 6s2, 4f14, 5d10, 6p6
Usage:Treatment of cancer

10. Similarities of the elements
The similarity in Noble Gases are, that they are all stable. Again, as it was mentioned in this presentation, they are very stable, and do not react with other elements.
The second similarity in Noble Gases are that they are all gases. They are always at room temperature when it is in gas form, and their boiling point is low.
The third similarity is that they are colorless. They do not have colors like other metals, or elements.

11. Electron Configuration & Formation of Ion
For Noble gases, Formation of Ion does not work. This is because they are stable, and does not need to give off to or get electrons from other elements. They all have 8 charge of electrons, which means full charge.
For Electron Configuration, if we take out transition metal part, which is “d”, it will always show that they have 8 charge of electrons.
ex. Rn is (...)5s2, 4d10, 5p6,(....) 8

12. History -Krypton- Krypton
Krypton was found on May 30, 1898 by Sir William Ramsay. He was a scotish chemist. He found Krypton with Morris M. Travers, an English chemist, while studying liquefied air. Very small amount of Krypton was found in the more volatile components of liquid air, which had boiled away. Neon was found after few weeks from this discovery, with similar method.
He was awarded with Noble Prize in Chemistry for finding Noble Gases.

13. Argon
History of Argon
Argon was guessed to be found by Henry Cavendish in 1785, however was not isolated until 1894 Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay in Scotland.
It was found while doing an experiment in which they removed all of the oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen from a sample of clean air.

14. Bibliography Information(About Noble Gases and each elements)
History
Mr Bullock