1. Reshaping America in the Early 1800s Lesson 1 Moving West

2. Reshaping America in the Early 1800s Lesson 1 Moving West
Learning Objectives
Summarize the settlement and development of the Spanish borderlands.
Explain the concept of Manifest Destiny and how it influenced westward expansion.
Analyze the causes and challenges of westward migration.

3. Reshaping America in the Early 1800s Lesson 1 Moving West
Key Terms
Junípero Serra
expansionists
Manifest Destiny
Santa Fe Trail
Mountain Men
Oregon Trail
Brigham Young
Treaty of Fort Laramie

4. The Borderlands of Northern Mexico
In 1830, what is now the American Southwest was considered Northern Mexico. Like the former British colonies in the East, this region had a long colonial history, one that dated back to the Spanish conquest of the Americas.

5. The Borderlands of Northern Mexico
No one lived in New Mexico – scared of Indian Raids (Comanche and Apache)
Spain built more forts and paid Comanche and Navajo to attack Apaches.
Population grew
Texas formed as a buffer zone to protect Mexico
California started to stop Russian expansion
Distance from everyone hurt economic development
Junipero Serra – Franciscan priest set up a string of Catholic Missions – safer (no Indians).
Natives used as slave labor
San Diego, Santa Barbra, Sonoma

6. The Borderlands of Northern Mexico
Analyze Maps What geographic and political obstacles did Americans moving westward face in the 1820s?

7. The Borderlands of Northern Mexico
Apache warriors in the late 1800s

8. America Looks to the West
In 1821, a revolution toppled Spanish rule and established Mexico as an independent republic. The U.S. government officially recognized its fellow republic to the south. But American expansionists, people who favored territorial growth, soon began to covet New Mexico, Texas, and California. Thinly settled but rich in resources, the three provinces seemed ripe for American plucking.

9. America Looks to the West
Expansionist – people who favored territorial growth
Manifest Destiny – God wanted the United States to own all of North America
Spread Christianity to Natives
Spread Democracy
Make money
More slave states?
Spain did not want to trade with US – Mexico did after Independence – why? What is the negative to this to Mexico?
Sante Fe Trail – trade route between Missourri and Sante Fe.
Mountain Men – young men and trappers who “explored” the West. Found trails (Wyoming South Pass) Worked for fur companies – can you name them?
Oregon Trail – After South Pass, go northeast to Oregon.

10. America Looks to the West
Analyze Information Based on what you know about European colonization of the Southwest, how strong was Mexico's control over the territories detailed in this table?

11. America Looks to the West
In the 1873 illustration 'American Progress' by John Gast, figures representing progress sweep westward across the western landscape. Analyze Primary Sources What does this illustration suggest about westward expansion?

12. Settling New Lands in the West
In 1842, an official government expedition led by John C. Frémont set off across the western country, following trails blazed by the Mountain Men and people like the Whitmans. Although Frémont found little that was new, his vivid and romantic reports gave wider publicity to the fertility of the Far West. In the years that followed, the overland trails drew thousands of settlers west to California and Oregon.

13. Settling New Lands in the West
Journey West took 5 months and 2,000 miles. Left in Spring – why?
Very dangerous – Donner Party
– 260,000 crossed
“It is a beautiful place, and it had better be for what it took to get here.”
Brigham Young – Morman leader who led followers from Navoo to Utah. Replaced Joseph Smith.
Mormons settled near the Great Salt Lake – did not want anybody near. Turned a desert into a paradise by diverting mountain streams. New Zion
Treaty of Fort Laramie – forced Natives away from settlers – did not work to well.

14. Settling New Lands in the West
The Oregon Trail, shown here in the 1850s, was originally used by fur traders and missionaries but quickly became the main route settlers took to reach the Northwest. Infer What geographic features presented challenges for travelers?

15. Settling New Lands in the West
Analyze Information How did travelers prepare for the possible dangers of the trail?

16. Quiz: The Borderlands of Northern Mexico
What was the primary reason Spain founded the colonies of Texas and California?
A. to spread Christianity among the local American Indians
B. to build alliances with French and Russian settlers
C. to subdue the raiding Apache American Indians
D. to create buffer zones to protect towns and mines in Mexico

17. Quiz: America Looks to the West
The concept American expansionists used to justify westward territorial growth was called
A. Manifest Destiny
B. Territorial Security
C. Transcontinental Right
D. American Providence

18. Quiz: Settling New Lands in the West
The purpose of the 1851 Fort Laramie Treaty was to
A. prevent American settlers from settling in the Rocky Mountains.
B. keep American Indians away from major westward trails.
C. protect American Indian lands from homesteaders.
D. provide a safe refuge for Mormons.