1. Puzzling Pedigrees

2. Pair-Share Answer the following questions with your elbow partner:
What physical traits did you inherit and from whom?
What traits can be inherited?
Do a pair-share, have students write in the answers on their graphic organizer
Cold call on individuals in the class to answer the questions out loud.

3. Pedigree
Definition – diagram of family relationships that use symbols to represent people and lines to represent genetic relationships. (genotypes & phenotypes)
Example :
Sentence – Write a sentence using the word pedigree on your graphic organizer.
Use explicit vocabulary protocol to teach the word:
The word is Pedigree, what’s the word everyone?
A Pedigree is a diagram of family relationships that use symbols to represent people and liens to represent genetic relationships.
What is the definition everyone?
What’s the word everyone?
This is an example of a pedigree. The circles represent females, and the squares represent males. A horizontal line between a male and female symbolize marriage, and a vertical line represents offspring.
Write the definition for pedigree in your graphic organizer
Use the word pedigree in a sentence and write it on your graphic organizer.

4. Genotype
Definition – a genotype is the genetic make up of a cell, or the alleles
Example – AA (homozygous dominant) Aa (heterozygous) aa (homozygous recessive)
Non-Example – Freckles
Sentence
Use explicit vocabulary protocol to teach the word:
The word is Genotype, what’s the word everyone?
A Genotype is the genetic make up of a cell, or the alleles
What is the definition everyone?
What’s the word everyone?
These are example genotypes.
Write the definition for genotype in your graphic organizer
Use the word genotype in a sentence and write it on your graphic organizer.

5. Phenotype
Definition – is an organisms observable traits, or physical characteristics.
Example – Blue eyes, Freckles, Brown Hair
Non-Example – Aa, AA, aa
Sentence
Use explicit vocabulary protocol to teach the word:
The word is Phenotype, what’s the word everyone?
A Phenotype is an organisms observable traits, or physical characteristics.
What is the definition everyone?
What’s the word everyone?
These are example phenotypes. Blue Eye, Freckles, etc.
Write the definition for phenotype in your graphic organizer
Use the word phenotype in a sentence and write it on your graphic organizer.

6. Pedigree’s Read pages 396-397 out of your textbook.
Answer the following questions with your elbow partner.
What are pedigree charts?
What are the symbols and what do they mean?
In the sample pedigree pictured on page 397, what are the genotypes of both parents on the left in the second generation?
How do you know?
Give students time to answer the questions and fill out their graphic organizer with a partner.
Cold call on students once sufficient time has been given to answer questions to share the answer with the class.

7. Autosomal Dominant (AD)
Males & females are equally likely to have the trait
Traits DO NOT skip generation
Males can transmit to both sons and daughters
The trait is present whenever the corresponding gene is present
Words highlighted in red need to be added to the skeletal notes in their graphic organizer.

8. Huntington’s Disease Parent 1 = Huntington’s Disease Parent 2 = Normal
Hh (Huntington’s) hh
Parent 1 = Normal
Parent 2 = Normal h hh
Explain why Huntington’s disease is an autosomal dominant trait.
Parent 1 = Huntington’s Disease
Parent 2 = Huntington’s Disease H h
Hh (Huntington’s)

9. Partner Talk
Partner 1, tell Partner 2 some of the characteristics of an Autosomal Dominant disorder.

10. Autosomal Recessive (AR)
Males & females are equally likely to have the trait
Trait often skips generations
Only homozygous individuals have the trait
Parents who have children with the trait must be heterozygous
If a parent has the trait, their offspring who do not have it are heterozygous carriers for the trait
Words highlighted in red need to be added to the skeletal notes in their graphic organizer.

11. Parent 1 = Cystic Fibrosis
Parent 1 = Carrier
Parent 2 = Normal F f FF
Ff (Carrier)
Parent 1 = Carrier
Parent 2 = Carrier F f FF
Ff (Carrier)
ff (Cystic Fibrosis)
Explain why Cystic Fibrosis is an example of an autosomal recessive disorder
Parent 1 = Cystic Fibrosis
Parent 2 = Carrier f F
Ff (Carrier)
ff (Cystic Fibrosis)

12. Partner Talk
Partner 2, tell Partner 1 what some characteristics of Autosomal Recessive disorders are.

13. X-linked Dominant (XD)
Trait is coded for on the X chromosome
All sons of a male who has the trait will also have the trait
A father can not pass the trait on to their daughter
A female who has the trait may or may not pass the gene for that trait to her son or daughter

14. Coffin-Lowry Syndrome
Mom = Carrier
Dad = Normal X0 X
X0X (CL Syndrome) XX Y
X0Y (CL Syndrome) XY
Mom = Normal
Dad = Normal X XX Y XY
Causes severe mental problems sometimes associated with abnormalities of growth, cardiac abnormalities, as well as auditory and visual abnormalities.

15. Partner Talk
Partner 1, tell Partner 2 explain some of the characteristics of an X-link Dominant disorder.

16. X-linked Recessive (XR)
Trait is coded for on the X chromosome
Trait more common in males than females
If a male has the trait, all of his daughters will be heterozygous carriers
Sons of female carriers have a 50% chance of having the trait
Males can not pass the trait to their sons
A male inherits the trait from his mother who is a carrier
Daughters of female carriers have a 50% chance of being a carrier
Words highlighted in red need to be added to the skeletal notes in their graphic organizer.

17. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Mom=Carrier
Dad = Normal X0 X
X0X (Carrier) XX Y
X0Y (DMD) XY
Mom = Normal
Dad = Normal X XX Y XY
Causes severe mental problems sometimes associated with abnormalities of growth, cardiac abnormalities, as well as auditory and visual abnormalities.

18. Partner Talk
Partner 2, tell Partner 1 some characteristics of an X-link Recessive disorder.

19. Look at question’s 9-16 on your graphic organizer.
With a partner, determine whether the pedigree is an example of a AR, AD, XR, or XD.
Write the answers in on your graphic organizer.
Once partners have had a chance to work through them, cold call on students and ask them what type of pedigree it is and why.

20. Alkaptonuria Pedigree
Does alkaptonuria appear to be caused by a dominant or recessive allele?
What are the genotypes of the following individuals?
George
Carla
Tom
Arlene
Michael
Recessive Aa aa
Ask students to do a partner talk about how they know this is a recessive trait?
Might be helpful to do a punnet square for George and Arlene on the board.

21. Huntington’s Disease Pedigree
Work through question 18 with your elbow partner. Be prepared to share your answers with the class.

22. Candice = Huntington’s
Answers
Bob = Aa
Barb = aa
Charlie = Aa
Ethan = aa
Candice = Aa
Isabelle = aa
Choral Response: Ask the class if this is caused by a dominant or recessive allele.
Cold call on students for each of the Genotypes.
Choral Response: What is the chance of Candice’s children having Huntington’s disease?
Candice = Huntington’s
Parker = Normal A a Aa aa
50% Chance

23. Hemophilia Pedigree
Answer the questions for question 19 individually. Be prepared to share out to the class.

24. Answers Edward VII = XY Alice = XhX Queen Victoria = XhX Leopold = XhY
Beatrice = XhX
Henry of Prussia = XY
Choral Response – Ask the Genotypes of each individual. Have the entire class respond simultaneously for each.
Choral Response – Ask what the chance of Leopold having a daughter with Hemophilia if he marries a non-carrier female? Entire class responds with 0%
Leopold = Hemophilia
Wife = Non-Carrier Xh Y X
XhX XY
0% Chance of
Hemophilia
100% Chance of
being a carrier

25. The Grouch Family
Working with a partner, read through the case study of the Grouch family.
Answer 20 a and 20 b with your partner.

26. Grouch Family Pedigree
Grouch Family Pedigree. Have students check to see if their pedigree is accurate. If not, make necessary changes on their graphic organizer.

28. “The Blue People of Troublesome Creek” Background Information
Hemoglobin is the iron- containing oxygen- transport protein in red blood cells.
Methemoglobin is a form of a hemoglobin that can’t bind oxygen. When excess methemoglobin is present, the blood becomes abnormally dark and can cause some skin discoloration.
Students fill in the skeletal notes in their graphic organizer. Highlighted words are those that should go in the blanks.

29. “The Blue People of Troublesome Creek”
Read paragraphs Stop and write a short summary.
Read paragraphs Stop and write a short summary.
Read paragraphs Stop and write a short summary.
Once all students are finished, have students turn to their elbow partner and summarize the story. Cold call on a student to do a brief summary after students have had time to summarize with partners.

30. “The Blue People of Troublesome Creek”
Answer the following questions about your reading with your partner on your graphic organizer:
What is the name of the disorder described in the article?
Describe the group of people effected by this disorder.
Is the disorder autosomal or x-linked?
Is the disorder recessive or dominant?
Where did this population reside?
Describe the symptoms of the disorder?
How was this disorder inherited?
Why was the disorder isolated to this population?
Give students time to answer questions as partners
Cold call a student for each question after they’ve had time to answer with partners.

31. Homework: Create your Family Pedigree
Draw a pedigree chart of your family including yourself, your parents and siblings, your parents.
Identify and color the symbols accordingly for one of the following traits:
Right or left handed
Freckles
Free/attached earlobes
Widows peak
Tongue roller/non-roller