1. Surface Water Hydrology
Learning Objectives
To be able to quantify watershed attributes (7.1)
To be able to describe the role of atmospheric and ocean circulation in hydrology and the formation of precipitation (7.1)
To be able to quantify the variability of precipitation, calculate area average precipitation and determine design storm amounts (7.2)
To be able to calculate evaporation from an open water surface (7.3)

2. Watershed delineated on a topographic map

3. Water Budget in a Watershed
From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

4. Streamstats

11. Normal monthly distribution of precipitation in the US in inches
From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

14. From Dingman, 1994

15. General Circulation of the Atmosphere
From Simon Wang

16. Coriolis Effect

17. Formation of Precipitation
Source of moisture
Lifting mechanism (frontal, orographic, convective)
Phase change from vapor to water - Energy
Small nuclei or dust for droplet formation
Droplets must grow as they fall to earth
From Bedient

18. Lifting Mechanisms
From Bedient

19. Ralph, F. M. , P. J. Neiman, G. A. Wick, S. I. Gutman, M. D
Ralph, F. M., P. J. Neiman, G. A. Wick, S. I. Gutman, M. D. Dettinger, D. R. Cayan, and A. B. White (2006), Flooding on California's Russian River: Role of atmospheric rivers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L13801, doi: /2006GL

20. Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf - 8/29/2005
From Bedient
Katrina at 17:00 UTC

21. Measuring Rainfall - Tipping
Bucket
Recording gage
Collector and Funnel
Bucket and Recorder
Accurate to .01 ft
Telemetry- computer
From Bedient

22. Shielded and Unshielded weighing Precip (Rain and Snow Gages
Snow Pillow

23. RADAR Rainfall Estimates
NEXRAD provides real-time data on a ~16 km2 (6 mi2) grid
Each estimate represents an average rainfall amount over the entire 4 x 4 km2 area
NEXRAD rainfall estimates compare well with point rain gage measurements (r2 ~ 0.9)
From Bedient

26. Normal monthly distribution of precipitation in the US in inches
From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

27. Rainfall Averaging Methods
From Bedient
Rainfall Averaging Methods