1. The Ottoman Leaders
“Just a reminder to myself, I wear every single chain even when im in the house…Cause we started from the bottom now we here”
- Osman I

2. Osman I
Osman I – People called him Othman and he named his followers Ottomans. Created the Ottoman Empire.
Military success due primarily to use of gunpowder.

3. Orkhan I First to declare himself Sultan.
Meaning “overlord” or “one with power”
1361- Captured Adrianople the 2nd most important city in the Byzantine Empire

4. Mehmet II Conquered Constantinople in 1453.
125 Ships, 100,000 soldiers – Ottomans
7, 000 defenders - Constantinople

5. Primary Source
The ghazis, entering by force on every side found a way in through the breaches in the fortress made by the guns… Mounting on the tower they destroyed the infidels who were inside and entered the city. They looted and plundered. They seized their money and possessions and made their sons and daughters slaves… They plundered for three days, and after three days plunder was forbidden.
***Ghazis – Warriors for Islam

6. Selim the Grim
1512- came to power by killing his father, brothers, nephews, and all but one of his sons.
-Effective Sultan and Great General
1514- Defeats the Safavids and takes over
Mecca and Medina.

7. Suleiman the Magnificent
Also called Suleiman the Lawgiver
1520- ruled for 46 years
Fair and had a efficient government structure and social organization

8. Rebel Leader
Timur the Lame: 1400s interrupted the expansion of the Ottoman Empire.

9. Religion and views of other religions
Founded on the principles of Islam
United by Islamic beliefs
Churches were converted into mosques
Tolerant of other religions, especially Christians and Jews
Encouraged loyalty from other religious faith groups

10. Conquering of Constantinople
1453: Ottoman soldiers known as Janissaries conquered Constantinople (Istanbul) from the Byzantine empire, thus ending the Roman Empire.
Constantinople renamed Istanbul.
Eastern Europeans flee to Western Europe thus boosting the Renaissance.
All trade routes now go through the Ottomans.

11. Constantinople renamed to Istanbul

12. Mosque in Instanbul

13. The Janissaries Group of soldiers loyal to the sultan (king)
Army of slaves & Christian converts to Islam
Helped to expand the empire
Became so powerful that the sultans feared them

14. Trade
The Ottomans were known for trading Coffee and Ceramics.

15. The expansion of the Ottoman Empire

16. The Decline of the Ottomans
1571 A.D. – decline began after several military defeats
1683 A.D.-failed invasion of Vienna, Austria
Economic problems
1. trade competition from Americas
2. cheap products from India & Far East
3. development of other trade routes
4. rising unemployment & near bankruptcy

17. The Decline of the Ottomans
Economic weakness caused military weakness
After losing WWI, the empire lost control of Arab lands
By 1924, the Ottoman Empire no longer existed
The Ottoman Empire officially ended on Nov. 1, 1922.
Mustafa Kamal created a new country Turkey and it was declared a republic.

18. Mustafa Kamal

19. The Republic of Turkey

20. Video Questions
Why did the Ottomans treat Jews and Christians with respect?
What is Devshirme?
What did the Sultans become when they took over Mecca and Medina?
How were peoples quality of life after being conquered by the Ottomans?
How did Nationalism impact the Ottoman empire?
What was the Armenian Genocide?

21. Activity
On a blank sheet of Paper create a twitter or facebook and use all the leaders we have discussed.
i.e.
Selim the Grim: Just killed my last brother
#yolo #mysonistalkingbackalittletoomuch
Suleiman the the Grim
ewww! Get your weight up….#youlooklikeoneofthedwarfsfromlordoftherings #myhatlookslikeanonion #BestSultan #PeakoftheEmpire #Legday #gymtime #mojosodope #expanding #justwhatiam