1. Objective 2.04 – continued #3
U.S. History
Objective 2.04 – continued #3

2. 2.04
Assess political events, issues, and personalities that contributed to sectionalism and nationalism.

3. Jackson in office Administration Kitchen Cabinet
Jackson didn’t really have an advisory group… because he rarely listened to them
Instead he made decisions based on council with friends and his Secretary of State Martin Van Buren

4. Andrew Jackson in office
Jackson’s VP – John C. Calhoun of SC

5. Tariff Issue
Congress raised the tariff of 1816 in 1824 and 1828 – helped New England compete w/ Great Britain
Great Britain – After War of 1812, floods market w/ cheap goods
Calhoun calls the Tariff of 1828 the Tariff of Abominations

6. Nullification Calhoun devises a theory of “nullification”
Questioned the legality of some federal laws
Each state had right to nullify (reject) any law that it deemed unconstitutional
KY and VA Resolutions

7. “South Carolina Exposition and Protest”
1828 – written by Calhoun, laying out his nullification theory – did not sign name

8. SC rebels SC declared tariff laws of 1828 and 1832 “null and void”
Threatened to seced from the Union
Jackson furious

10. “Our Union: It must be preserved
Calhoun resigns as VP
Jackson gets Congress to pass the Force Bill (1833) – allows use of army and navy against SC to collect customs duties

11. Clay steps in
“The Great Compromiser” – provides a plan for gradually lowering tariffs over 10 years

12. Webster-Hayne Debates

13. Clash over states’ rights
Webster – Mass.
Hayne – SC
January 1830 – debate tariff issue
Webster nationalist
Hayne – condemns tariff
Sectionalism?

15. Election of 1832
Jackson easily defeats Clay

17. Jackson’s next issue: 2nd Bank of the United States
Jacksonians – against “privileged” institutions
A privileged few making money at taxpayers’ expense
Nicholas Biddle – extended low-interest loans to Congressmen
Jackson vetoes the Bank’s recharter in 1832

18. Clay and Webster want campaign issue
Clay and Webster wanted to recharter bank before 1836 (when original ran out) to make it a campaign issue (Knew Jackson’s actions would harm the nation)
Jackson’s Sec. of Treasury begins putting gov’t funds in “pet banks” – loyal to the Democratic Party
Wildcat banks- unstable state banks who distributed worthless currency

19. A Dying Bank Biddle tries to save BUS by calling in loans
Buying the loans that the state banks bought but couldn’t pay
BUS eventually dies

21. Nicholas Biddle
Manager of the National Bank

22. Whigs

23. Whig Party Forms in opposition to Jackson (1834)
Clay, J.Q. Adams, Webster
Backed ideals of American System
Backed federal control of banking system and nat’l currency

24. Divided Whigs in 1836
Whigs run 3 regional candidates against Martin Van Buren, Jackson’s successor

25. Election of 1836

27. Panic of 1837
Many of Jackson’s pet banks were unstable, “wildcat” banks
Issued more currency than they could redeem
People used these to purchase gov’t land

28. Panic of 1837 (continued)
Bank closings and collapse of credit system bankrupted many people, 1/3 of population out of work

30. Election of 1840 Harrison (Whig) portrayed as a hero
Van Buren portrayed as aristocrat

35. Harrison dies
“Old Tippecanoe” dies 1 month after his inauguration