1. Andrew Jackson

2. Expansion & the Limits of Suffrage
Before 1800 only white, male, property owners could vote in most states
Political power was concentrated in hands of a few
By 1820, most states dropped property qualifications
By 1840, 90% of adult white males could vote
Women & African-Americans still barred from voting
Most liberal voting policy in the world

3. Election of 1824 End of Era of Good Feelings Four candidates
Andrew Jackson – gets most popular votes
John Quincy Adams – winner in House of Reps.
Henry Clay – becomes Adams’ Secretary of State
William Crawford– not a factor
Corrupt Bargain??

4. The New Popular Democratic Culture
New state organizations of political parties
Party loyalty was stressed
Mass campaigning
Print media got information to more people
Politics became part of everyday life
Rise of sectional politicians
Daniel Webster – New England
Henry Clay – West
John Calhoun - South

5. The Election of 1828 J.Q. Adams vs. Andrew Jackson
Jackson wins easily – John Calhoun is V.P.
King Andrew
King Mob – Inauguration Party
Coalition of North, South and West
“Common Man”

6. Jackson Background Orphaned by age 14 – spotty education
Slashed by British soldier in Revolution when he refused to polish the soldier’s boots
Both brothers and his mother died in Revolution – mom was nursing soldiers
Country lawyer, merchant, planter – owned slaves
Marriage controversy
13 duels – one man killed – let the other guy shoot first and Jackson was hit in the ribs but returned fire

7. A Popular Figure Indian Fighter Hero of the Battle of New Orleans
Actions in Seminole War helped gain Florida

8. Jacksonian Democracy For the “common man”
Spoils System – give government jobs to friends and loyal supporters
Peggy Eaton (wife of Sec. of War) and the “Petticoat Affair”

9. A Strong Executive: “King Andrew”
Kitchen Cabinet – ignored Cabinet in favor of friends
Veto – more than all other presidents before him combined

10. Nullification Crisis
Tariff of 1828 – Tariff of Abominations – on imports
South argues it’s unconstitutional – enriches North at the expense of the South
Nullification – (like VA & KY Resolutions)
SC threatens to secede – Calhoun resigns
Force Act – Congress gives Jackson right to collect tariff by force if necessary
HENRY CLAY – GREAT COMPROMISER

11. Bank War Nicholas Biddle (banker from Philadelphia)
Efforts to renew charter of Second Bank of U.S.
Renew early & Jackson vetoes – tool of the privileged elite
Backfires on Biddle & Bank supporters
Jackson withdraws federal money and puts it in state banks
“pet banks”

13. Election of 1836
Whigs – former Federalists, evangelical reform churches, favor government intervention in economic and social affairs, commercial agriculture and industrialists
Democrat – Martin Van Buren – wins
Small farmers
Urban workers
Oppose rapid industrialization, factory work and commercial agriculture

14. Transportation Revolution
Between 1800 and 1840
Private investment - Turnpikes
States provided funding for roads, canals, railroads
National Road – only federally funded road
Maryland to Illinois

15. Indian Removal
Indian Removal Act – all Indians must move west of the Mississippi River
Cherokee resistance
Cherokee v. Georgia, Worcester v. Georgia
Trail of Tears
4,000 of 18,000 die along the way

16. Canals & Steamboats
Erie Canal – connected Hudson River with the Great Lakes
Farmers in the West were linked to the national market
Facilitated movement West into Louisiana Territory
Steamboats allowed upstream travel
Robert Fulton – first in U.S.

17. Railroads Made wealthy investors even more money
B&O Railroad – Baltimore & Ohio
Battle of gauge resolved by 1850
Standard gauge vs. narrow gauge

18. Commercial Agriculture in the Old Northwest
Farmers could now ship to previously unreachable markets
Farmers specialize – different regions grew different crops
However, farmers became dependent on distant markets and credit
Innovations
John Deere – steel plow
Cyrus McCormick – mechanical reaper

19. Effects of the Transportation Revolution
National pride & identity – no longer contained in the East
Risk-taking mentality – spurs innovation and invention
Greater mobility

20. Creating a National American Culture
Steam powered presses
Telegraph – communications revolution