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Ecology IV ES101 9/23/10 Tutor – HIGHLY RECOMMENDED!

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Presentation on theme: "Ecology IV ES101 9/23/10 Tutor – HIGHLY RECOMMENDED!"— Presentation transcript:

1 Ecology IV ES101 9/23/10 Tutor – HIGHLY RECOMMENDED!
Frangelica Odell, M&W, 6-8pm, MH201 Don’t forget to hand in reading questions. ES101 9/23/10

2 ES101 9/23/10 Ecology IV Tutor – HIGHLY RECOMMENDED!
Frangelica Odell, M&W, 6-8pm, MH201 forest lab due next Wed. Exam 1 is Tuesday, 10/5 - Will be a combination of mult. choice and essays. - We will use some of the clicker questions from the next several lectures (including today!) on the exam. I RECOMMEND USING THE POWERPOINT FILES POSTED ON CAMPUSWEB TO HELP YOU REVIEW THE MATERIAL

3 Nutrient cycles Energy flows in one direction – towards disorder
– life requires energy from sun Nutrients can go in a cycle Nutrients – elements needed for life Macronutrients – need A LOT: Carbon: Backbone of organic molecules; carbohydrates, fats, sugars, etc Nitrogen: Amino acidsproteins; enzymes; DNA Phosphorus: DNA; Cell membranes

4 Results of Survey from Earlier Lecture:

5

6 Carbon: Backbone of organic molecules; carbohydrates, fats, sugars, etc
Nitrogen: Amino acidsproteins; enzymes; DNA Phosphorus: DNA; Cell membranes The Carbon Cycle key for understanding climate change The main cause of recent changes in climate is the greenhouse effect

7 How the greenhouse effect works:
Visible light enters earth’s atmosphere; is absorbed by planet and converted to heat greenhouse gases trap heat & re-radiate it back to earth visible light greenhouse gases heat Earth

8 How the greenhouse effect works:
greenhouse gases trap heat & re-radiate it back to earth amount of g.house gases  greenhouse gases

9 How the greenhouse effect works:
greenhouse gases trap heat & re-radiate it back to earth amount of g.house gases  greenhouse gases

10 How the greenhouse effect works:
greenhouse gases trap heat & re-radiate it back to earth amount of g.house gases  incr. in heat trapped greenhouse gases

11 How the greenhouse effect works:
amount of g.house gases  incr. in heat trapped has caused increase in global temperature greenhouse gases

12 Which of the following are examples of greenhouse gases?
carbon dioxide methane CFCs nitrous oxide all of the above 1 and 2 only

13 Which of the following greenhouse gases is the greatest contributor to the recent increase in the greenhouse effect? carbon dioxide methane CFCs nitrous oxide

14 GHGs added by humans carbon dioxide (greatest contributor to in temp) methane CFCs nitrous oxide

15 Geologic deposits (fossil fuels, etc.)
Carbon Cycle Carbon in Air - CO2 Plants Animals Dead material Soil Water Geologic deposits (fossil fuels, etc.)

16 Carbon Cycle respiration Diffusion photosynthesis
Carbon in Air - CO2 respiration Diffusion photosynthesis Combustion = burning of fossil fuels Plants Animals decomposition Dead material Photosynthesis = plants take in CO2, combine with water and sunlight, produce oxygen, glucose, and heat. Respiration = all aerobic cells take in oxygen, combine with organic matter (food) to produce useable energy Diffusion= CO2 goes from area of hi concentration to the area of low concentration Death and defecation = production of dead plants and animals, and feces, puts carbon onto the soil Leaching, runoff = Rainfall runs over soil, dissolves carbon, runs off into lake, stream, oceans Erosion = rain, wind cause soil particles to move into water, carbon moves with it Burial, compaction = Over time, layers of soil form, plates move, etc., burying material and creating pressure that creates fossil fuels and other carbon-containing rocks. Soil Water Burial, compaction Geologic deposits (fossil fuels, etc.)

17 What processes remove Carbon dioxide from the air?
Photosynthesis, diffusion What processes add Carbon to the air? Respiration, decomposition, combustion, diffusion burning of fossil fuels by humans is the main cause of the increase in the g.house effect

18 Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen gas in Air (N2) Soil, water – as ammonia NH3
Nitrogen in soil, water – as nitrate NO3 Organic N in soil Plants Animals

19 The Nitrogen Cycle Nit. - Another ex. of a nutrient that cycles through ecosystems Nitrogen fixation: Specialized bacteria convert nitrogen gas to water soluble nitrogen Without these bacteria, we would not be able to live (we can’t use nitrogen gas)

20 Evolution drives all life forms
Evolution = change in genes of a species over time Species evolve in response to physical AND biological environment (=other species) Natural selection = Envt determines which individuals survive and reproduce

21 Nat. seln. results in adaptations –
features of organisms that help them survive and reproduce in their environment

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