1. Anatomy of the spinal column
By: Fatemeh Javadi

2. VERTEBRAL COLUMN

3. VERTEBRAE Body pedicles Laminae vertebral foramen Sup & inf articular
Processes (at junction of pedicle &lamina)
transverse process
spinous process

4. Cervical vertebrae Transverse foramen
The bodies are relatively delicate
articular processes are short

5. atlas
no body
The superior articular facets articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull
no true spinous process but simply a tubercle
Long transverse processes

6. axis
toothlike process; the dens

7. The remaining cervical vertebrae show a gradual increase in size
The spinous processes of the middle cervical vertebrae are usually bifid
The seventh cervical vertebrae has a long spinous process

8. Thoracic vertebrae
On the anterolateral surfaces of the ends of the transverse processes of the upper 10 thoracic vertebrae are articular surfaces, costal facets
spinous processes are long and slender and directed downward

9. Lumbar vertebrae bodies are more massive
Spinous processes are heavier and broader
Mamillary body (post surface of sup articular process)

10. Sacral , coccyx vertebrae
five sacral vertebrae
Ant/Post sacral foramina : first four sacral nerves
Sacral hiatus
Coccyx: 3-4 elements

11. JOINTS OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
Synovial:
formed by articular process
Simple gliding movement
Branches of the post rami of spinal nerves innervate these joints.
Cartilaginous:
Intervertebral disc between the bodies
Annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus
Small amount of movement between any two adjacent vertebral bodies

13. Ligaments Supraspinous : on the tip of the spinous process
Interspinous :between one spinous process and the next
ligamenta flava : paired ligaments that connect adjacent laminae
Intertransverse :between transverse processes.
Ant longitudinal lig
Post longitudinal lig
ligamentum nuchae

14. Spinal nerves

15. As the nerve exits from the intervertebral foramen, it divides into a posterior ramus and an anterior ramus.
The post ramus turns posteriorly into the back muscles to innervate them and continues to the skin of the back
the anterior ramus continues laterally and anteriorly.

16. the ant rami of the upper cervical nerves form the cervical plexus
lower cervical nerves and the first thoracic form the brachial plexus
most of the anterior rami of the lumbar and sacral nerves form the lumbosacral plexus
The anterior rami of the thoracic nerves are separated from each other by the ribs;these anterior rami are known as intercostal nerves

17. MUSCULATURE OF THE BACK

24. Semispinalis: Deeper, more continuous set of fibers than erector spinae much of muscle fibers arise from transvers process & run upward & medially to attach spinous process

28. Inter
transversarii
interspinalis

29. Sub occipital

31. Thank you for your attention