1. Treaty of Tordesillas

2. Voyages of Discovery

3. Key Early Events 1000 Viking explorations
1488 Dias rounded South Africa
1492 Columbus believes he has reached Asia
Lands in Bahamas (“Indies”)
Would be governor, admiral, and viceroy of all lands claimed for Spain
Died 1506 after 4 voyages
1493 Line of Demarcation
Pope Alexander VI settled for Sp and Port
100 leagues (300 miles) from Cape Verde Islands
1494 Treaty of Tordesillas moves the line west
Moved line to 370 (1100 miles) leagues west of Cape Verde Islands
1498 da Gama reached India
Amerigo Vespucci records his trip to Brazil
Pietro Cabral had “discovered” east coast of Brazil on a previous failed voyage to India
1513 de Leon in Florida
1522 Magellan’s circumnavigation

4. Effects of Interaction: Native Americans
(high estimates as much as 90%)
- forced labor in towns (Hacienda in rural)
Grants of land and natives in exchange owner had to care for people
Slavery instituted
Africans imported after using indigenous people fails
Missionary System - forced conversion to Catholicism
Indians viewed as heathens
Spanish goal to Christianize New World

5. Changing of Guard
Spain’s internal political and religious stability allowed it to expand overseas
Looked for quick profits
Gold supply increased 500%
External problems caused European confrontation
British (supported by Elizabeth I) attacked Spanish ships
Sir Francis Drake
Protestant Reformation (see Split of Ch. Slide)
sent to Great Britain (religious reasons)
Defeat allowed British and Dutch to expand their exploration
Spain’s navy was no longer strong enough to completely block other countries expansion

6. Split of Christianity Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Methodist
Lutheran (1517)
Mormon
Anglican
Baptist
Episcopal
Blue = Protestant faiths

7. Early British Settlement
John Cabot
Under Henry VII but political disunity under Henry VIII disrupted until Elizabeth I stabilized
Sir Walter Raleigh
Disappeared by the time resupply ships arrived in 1590
London Company (joint-stock co.)
Few workers, and too little emphasis on agriculture led to 50% death during first winter
Too much emphasis on gold and too many gentlemen
John Smith’s leadership and Native help saved colony
Tobacco as a cash crop saved the colony
John Rolfe (Pocohontas)
Labor intensive crop
Indentured servants
1619 first African slaves
about 80,000 people settled
Charter revoked by James I in 1624

8. France
1500s
European wars, religious issues caused it to fail to follow early explorers until 1600s