1. Social Development (Chapter 13)
Lecture Outline:
Emotional development
The “self” and personality
Temperament

2. Differentiation theory
Excitement
Positive emotions
Negative Emotions
surprise
sad
pain
joy
anger
interest

3. Other theories of emotion
Discrete emotions theory:
Innately disposed to experience emotions
Behavioral and cognitive approaches:
Emotions are learned through experience and represented cognitively
Labels are applied to physiological states: Eat two chocolate bars and go to the movies

4. Paul Ekman: Facial Action Coding

5. Emotions have adaptive evolutionary function
Joy: About to achieve a goal
Anger: Confronted by an obstacle
Sadness: A goal is unattainable
Disgust: Something distasteful is happening
All of these emotions lead to motivation for some kind of action or reaction

6. Children must learn to read emotional cues: Is this person modeling genuine warmth or concealed irritation?

7. Erik Erikson and Personality Development
Trust vs. mistrust: Birth to 1 year
Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt (1-3)
Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6)
Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12)
Identity vs. Role confusion (adolescence)
Intimacy vs. Isolation (early adulthood)
Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adult)
Integrity vs. Despair (old age)

8. The “Self” Self concept What am “I”
Physical, active, social, psychological components are related to progression across ages
Self-esteem
Evaluative component
How valued am I?
People internalize the evaluative judgements made by others

9. Temperament
Disposition, intensity, and duration of emotional experience
Easy: Playful, adaptable, regular in sleep and eating cycles
Difficult: Fusy, irregular, unadaptable to new situations
Slow-to-warm up: Avoid/ shy with novelty
Goodness-of-fit: person X environment interaction

10. What do these non-verbal behaviors tell you about the temperaments of these job candidates? Who would you hire?