1. Jasmina Papa, UNDP Istanbul Regional Hub
Regional Roma Survey 2017
Jasmina Papa, UNDP Istanbul Regional Hub
The Project is supported by European Union

2. 2017 Regional Roma Survey in the Western Balkans and Turkey
Objective
Generate, analyze and disseminate evidence on income, living conditions and human development outcomes among marginalized Roma communities living in the Western Balkans and Turkey.

3. Regional Roma Survey 2017: context
Component 2 of the IPA funded action “Technical Assistance for Roma integration at the Community Level”
Quantitative survey and qualitative studies
Cooperation: World Bank
Consultations: Fundamental Rights Agency, UN Agencies, RCC-Roma Integration 2020, National Statistical Offices, Roma Civil Society Organisations
Countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, FYR Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo*, Turkey

4. 2017 Regional Roma Survey in the Western Balkans and Turkey
Design and implementation of the Roma Regional Survey in the Western Balkans and Turkey
UNDP
Survey methodology and sampling
Questionnaire design
Field implementation and quality controls
Data management and cleaning
Lead the analysis of survey data and the development of knowledge materials
World Bank
Statistical analysis of survey data
Knowledge products (reports, policy briefs) on key outcomes and policy recommendations related to human capital, employment and living conditions in marginalized Roma communities
Recommendations for DG NEAR on priority areas to focus on during pre-accession assistance

5. Regional Roma survey: quantitative survey 2017
Provide quantified and comparable picture of the current situation of living conditions of Roma in the enlargement countries (what is the status)
for policy-making purpose
Illustrate the dynamics over time of basic indicators (what has changed since 2011)
…to provide the ground for progress evaluation,
Suggest possible correlations and causalities (what drives the status)
…to help answer the “why this status?” question
Inform on possible priorities
…to suggest “what can be done” to achieve change

6. Regional Roma survey 2017: Sample desing I
Representative for Roma living in municipalities or areas of concentrated Roma population who identify themselves as Roma and non-Roma living in their proximity
Data on “Roma vulnerable to marginalization” – and not on “Roma in general”
750 Roma and
350 non-Roma HHs per country

7. Regional Roma survey 2017: Sample desing II
Roma identification – implicit endorsement of the external identification
Two/three stage random representative sample, stratified
The households in Roma settlements or areas of compact Roma population, i.e. with Roma population higher than national average
PSU: Clusters within settlements inhabited by the Roma population (approx. size 30 households), selected with probability proportional to size of the target population within strata.
SSU: Random walk (default option, under discussion)
TSU: For Module 4 – Household member 16+, and selected by “first birthday” technique
Approx. 750 Roma and 350 non-Roma households living in the same neighborhoods or vicinity.
Question for discussion within each country :
Informational resources available in each country for probability proportional to size sampling procedures for Roma

8. 2017 Regional Roma Survey: Questionnaire(s)
Integrated HH survey: HH and individual modules
5 Modules: 180 questions, approximately 500 variables
Module 0. Management Section – interviewer and household head
Roma identification questions
External evaluation of environmental conditions around household
Module 1 - Household members’ profiles – all household members
Demographics, education, health, employment status, income,
New income module proposal
Migration and returnees, documentation
Module 2: Gender And Early Childhood Development (6 years old and younger) – primary care giver
Early childhood practices, kindergarten attendance
Time use module for Women / Primary Care givers
Module 3: Status of the household – recorded from the account of the household head (other family members allowed to participate
characteristics of the neighbourhood, livelihoods and self-employment,
Module 4: Individual Status and attitudes – randomly selected adult person from the interviewed household (16+)
Time use module for everyone
Active citizenship and trust

9. Research Questions (Welfare & Poverty)
Estimate living conditions of Roma and non Roma population living nearby Roma
Understand determinants of poverty among Roma population, and how they differ relative to the non-Roma population
Understand multidimensionality of poverty and how it correlates to monetary poverty
Assess the different dimension of poverty across countries
To understand relative position in the income distribution
To understand drivers of poverty changes among Roma (redistribution vs growth, the role of labor income, pensions and social assistance)

10. Research Questions (Human capital and employment)
To understand labor market gaps between Roma and non-Roma (human capital, wage gaps, employment rate gaps, access to services-health care, assets).
To estimate the incidence of informality among Roma vs non Roma and understand its determinants
To study (statistical) differential treatment of Roma in the LM (what fraction of the wage gap is due to observables and selection, and what fraction due to unobservables- that can be interpreted as “differential treatment”)
To study how human capital disadvantages affect labor market outcomes, and whether closing the human capital gap is enough (are returns to human capital the same or there are also differences in returns?)
To study the degree of segmentation in the labor markets
To understand heterogeneity within the Roma population, and how this heterogeneity may reflect different labor market outcomes (should we treat Roma as a group or there is sufficient heterogeneity among them that is worth to explore?)

11. Regional Roma Surveys 2004, 2011 and 2017: indicators
Education
Literacy rates
Highest completed education
Pre-school enrolment rate
Gross enrolment rate in compulsory education (7-15) and upper secondary education (16-19)
Number of years in education
Educational expectations boys*
Educational expectations girls*
Employment
Employment rate
Unemployment rate
Activity rate (Labor force participation rate)
Last employment experience
No employment experience rate
Self-employment rate
Informal employment incidence
Minimum monthly wage for which a person is willing to work full time*
Preferences - employment regularity*
Preferences - employment security*
Health
Health self-assessment
Access to medical insurance*
Incidence of specific medical checks*
Shares of the population not having access to essential medicines
Disability

12. Regional Roma Surveys 2004, 2011 and 2017: indicators
Housing
Neighbourhood change
Regularity of waste collection
Rooms per HH member
Square metres per household member
Shares of the population not having access to secure housing
Shares of the population not having access to improved water source
Share of the population not having access to drinking water inside their dwelling
Shares of the population not having access to improved sanitation
Access to electricity
Size of households
Source of energy for heating
Source of energy for cooking
Access to various HH amenities
Economic situation
Absolute poverty rate PPP$ 4.30 income based
Absolute poverty rate PPP$ 4.30 expenditures based
Relative poverty rate (60% equalized median income)
Poverty gap PPP$ 4.30 income based
Poverty gap PPP$ 60% equalized median income
Gini coefficient
Ratio of poorest 20% v. richest 20%
Source of income
Structure of HHs expenditures 1
Financial security
Outstanding payments
Outstanding payments – type
Share of outstanding payments in HHs monthly income
Home production
Malnutrition
Migration
Household migration history
Support from abroad
Migration intention*
Migration targets*
Migration timing*
Lifestyle and awareness indicators

13. Roma inclusion indicators and the SDGs: A lot in common?
SDG1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere.
SDG2: End hunger/food insecurity, improve nutrition . . .
SDG3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all . . .
SDG4: Ensure inclusive, equitable, quality education . . .
SDG5: Ensure gender equality, empower women and girls . . .
SDG6: Ensure availability of water and sanitation for all.
SDG7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all.
SDG8: Promote full and productive employment and decent work for all.
SDG10: Reduce inequality within and among countries.
SDG11: Make human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.

14. Regional Roma Survey 2017: qualitative studies
Contextualized qualitative analysis on five themes for 2017
Roma returnees in Western Balkans;
non-visible Roma lacking personal documentation;
employment and labour market discrimination including wage gaps;
gender roles and the position of women, violence against women and conditions contributing to early marriages/ cohabitation and
environmental deprivation.

15. Thank you very much!