1. East Asian Miracle The Logic of the Developmental State
International Relations of East Asia
Seo-young Gil
Heoun-jeong Oh

2. contents
Ⅰ. What is the Developmental State ? Ⅱ. Backgrounds of Developmental States ⅰ. Domestic environment ⅱ. International environment Ⅲ. Theoretical Approaches ⅰ. Marxism ⅱ. Realism Ⅳ. Conclusion

3. Ⅰ. What is the Developmental State ?
Introduced By Chalmers Johnson,
the institutionalist,
American scholar of Japanese study
The concept of explaining
role and characteristics of states
which led fast and successful industrialization
and economic development
after World War Ⅱ
Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan
Developmental State ?

4. Economic indicator of developmental states
A rate of economic growth
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
Korea(%)
12.4
7.8
12.6
15.0
7.9
9.2
7.0
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
Taiwan(%)
8.5
10.9
11.5
11.9
12.0
0.6
2.9
- Source: 조준현, 『동아시아 발전 모델과 국가』, 2001.
World average
Japan
Korea
Taiwan
Hong Kong
Singapore
(%)
3.2
4.0
7.8
8.1
7.3
- Source: 김세걸, “동아시아 경제성장의 성과와 모순,”

5. Theories to analyze the developmental state
Structivism
Neoclassicism
Institutionalism
[1950s – early 1960s]
- market failure
state has an important role
to correct it
[late 1960s – early 1970s]
negative aspects of
extensive state intervention
emphasize strong private
sector
[1980s]
mixture of market orientation and
government intervention
emphasize historical, institutional,
and political context

6. Ⅱ. Backgrounds of Developmental States
International circumstance
Domestic circumstance

7. Domestic environment Strategic industrial policy
governed market theory
Political & Institutional basis
bureaucratic autonomy
private-public cooperation

8. International environment
External threat
In the postwar period
Under direct communist threat
Unique commitment to the nationalistic vision
Redistribution of wealth
Egalitarian base before industrialization
Extensive land reforms → large landlords were eliminated
Japanese & U.S. hegemony
Japanese colonial period
Strategic value of East Asia countries
An enormous amount of support by U.S.

9. Nonmilitary foreign aid by United States
(Unit: million $)
Western Europe
16,280
7,795
1,265
-1,423
236
-14
Eastern Europe
1,115
-17
218
319
-65
448
Middle East & South Asia
820
1,795
3,663
7,494
6,905
9,688
Africa
-76
159
342
1,437
1,680
2,557
Far east & Pacific countries
3,683
2,284
4,266
3,658
4,800
7,750
- Source: 조준현, 『동아시아 발전 모델과 국가』, 2001.

10. Theoretical approach - Realism
United States
Soviet Union
The only reason why the United States supported Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan was to threat Soviet Union.
U.S. enlarged their power by making more satellite sates.

11. Theoretical approach - Marxism
Core: U.S.
Periphery:
East Asian Countries
The U.S. supported
East Asian countries
to maximize their economical values.

12. Discussion questions Thank you 
Do you agree with our theoretical approaches?
If not which theory is best to apply?
Do you think the developmental state model is transferable in other countries?
Do you think Korea is the victim of the Cold War OR the most benefited country?
Thank you 